摘要:

Since recent interest in ‘over‐arousal’ has revived the classic problem of deteriorating performance under high drives or incentives, and since some of the tests used to show this effect with human subjects can be analysed in terms of decision theory, an attempt is made to find a rule for decision which will show an inverted‐U relationship between efficiency and over‐all level of motivation. Such a principle is found, and proves to have the additional advantages of predicting frequency‐matching behaviour in guessing‐game situations, as well as departures from frequency‐matching as the level of m

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1965.tb00338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred magnitude estimates of heaviness were obtained for each of 18 weights from each of sixSs and of loudness for each of 20 intensities from another six Ss. The stimuli were spaced at approximately equal logarithmic intervals. The mean magnitude functions of individualSs appear, in general, to deviate systematically from power functions. The distributions of responses, normalized by the mean response, appear to be skewed, highly peaked, and to have high tails. For at least half of the Ss, this response variability is no more than is needed to account for the errors in a simple two‐stimulus two‐response recognition experiment run under the same conditions. The data are examined in terms of a probabilistic response theory. Although the theory is clearly wrong in some of its details, certain of its qualitative features appear to be sustai

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1965.tb00339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The problem of selecting the best item is considered for cases arising when both a quantal and a quantitative response are available. Solutions are outlined for data obtained from either one or two groups. The basis of the solutions consists in ranking the items according to the significance level of a suitably chosen statistic which tests the hypotheses of equal response proportions and equal mean response times against suitable alternatives. The approach described here is an application of results due to Weiler.

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1965.tb00340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Several signal detection experiments employing a forced‐choice procedure are analysed in terms of a model that incorporates two distinct processes: a sensory process and a decision process. The sensory process specifies the relation between external signal events and hypothesized sensory states of the subject. The decision process specifies the relation between the sensory states and the observable responses of the subject. The sensory process is assumed to be fixed throughout an experiment, whereas the decision process is viewed as varying from trial to trial as a function of the particular sequence of preceding events. The changes in the decision process are assumed to be governed by a simple stochastic learning model. There are several ways of formulating the learning model and the experiments reported here were designed to select among these alternative approaches. The empirical results favour a linear‐operator process with trial‐to‐trial changes in response probabilities that are a function not only of the signal and information events, but also of the particular sequence of sensory states ac

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1965.tb00341.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Theories of choice may be regarded as having two principal features: a representation of indecision and a decision rule stating the conditions which must be satisfied for a choice to occur. Three ways of representing indecision are described and evaluated. In terms of one of these representations, several theoretical models of choice are developed by considering the consequences of two kinds of decision rule. A way of determining the properties of the models is described, but is not used in more than an illustrative fashion. A detailed examination of these properties will be given elsewhere, when comparisons will be made with empirical data.

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1965.tb00342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Four experiments were made to study the relative reliability of ranking, paired comparison and comparison in sets of three or more, for recording personal preferences. The whole weight of the evidence is in favour of the view that an informant, when expressing his personal preferences, tends to maintain a level of reliability which characterizes him as an individual and is unaffected by variations in the number of objects he is given to compare or changes in the methods he is asked to use.

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1965.tb00343.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The statistic known as Hotelling'sT2is shown to be asymptotically distribution‐free and thus to provide a multi‐dimensional confidence ellipsoid for the joint population means which enables multiple comparisons of sample means to be made. Ifmobjects are ranked in order by each ofnjudges, Friedman's test is usually used to test the hypothesis that the judges rank the objects at random. It is of interest, however, to enquire which of the objects are ranked significantly higher than others, in which case Hotelling'sT2may be used to provide asymptotically distribution‐free multiple compar

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1965.tb00344.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1965.tb00345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1965.tb00346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0007-1102    

DOI:10.1111/j.2044-8317.1965.tb00347.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1965

数据来源: WILEY