摘要:

This article describes the preparation of adsorbents and ion exchangers from chale resin and asphaltite.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759108942321

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This article presents ideas, and describes studies, on utilization of petroleum residua as binding agents during the production of carbon adsorbents from coal dust.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759108942322

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Although Nigeria is a major oil producing country, other nonrenewable sources of energy are also known to exist. These include tar sands, gas, and coal. The oldest of them all is coal. The historical changes in the production and utilization of coal in Nigeria is therefore discussed in this paper.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759108942323

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Hydrocarbon fuels containing elemental sulfur can cause copper and copper alloy components of a fuel delivery system to severely corrode. Experiments were undertaken to study the composition, thickness and rate of growth of films formed in sulfur containing fuels. The time dependent growth of these films was studied using Auger electron spectroscopy in combination with standard ion sputtering techniques. Initially, the thickness of the films increased rapidly, but slowed after longer exposures. This behavior was shown to obey the parabolic law that is used to describe oxide film growth in air. The relative amount of sulfur in a layer directly beneath a thin hydrocarbon overlayer was found to increase with exposure of copper to the fuel. For long exposures this layer appeared to be predominantly CuS with Cu2-xS and then Cu2S below it, while the film was composed of predominantly Cu2S after short exposures to the hydrocarbon. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy supported this conclusion.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759108942324

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

This paper describes the properties of adsorbents prepared of petroleum refining and shale processing products. The feedstock comprises copolycondensates of shale phenols, residues of thermal cracking, and furfural. The binder materials are made up of 50% solutions of cracking residues in gas oil.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759108942325

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The native Whiterocks (Utah) tar sand bitumen was separated into several boiling range fractions for detailed analysis and characterization. The lighter fraction (477-617 K) was evaluated for use as a transportation fuel and the residues (>617 K and >728 K) were evaluated for use as road asphalts. The 617 K plus residue from the Whiterocks bitumen can be classified as a viscosity grade AC-10 asphalt whereas the 728 K plus residue failed to meet asphalt specifications. Apart from the asphalt specification tests, several sophisticated techniques were used to characterize these fractions. The detailed structure of the low molecular weight portions of Whiterocks bitumen (477-617 K and 617-728 K) was determined by combined GC-MS. Several physical properties were also measured to evaluate the potential of the 477-617 K fraction as a high density/energy aviation turbine fuel. This lower molecular weight fraction of the bitumen contained predominantly naphthenic hydrocarbons and lesser concentrations of aromatic hydrocarbons. This was confirmed by the FTIR spectra and by the GC-MS analyses. As a result, the 477-617 K fraction appeared to be an excellent candidate as a feedstock for the production of high density, aviation turbine fuels following mild hydro treating. The heat of combustion, 135,500 BTU/gal., exceeded the specification for the high density/energy JP -11 aviation turbine fuel. The naphthenic hydrocarbons included alkylcyclohexanes, alkyldecalins, tricyclic terpanes, steranes, tetracyclic terpanes, and pentacyclic terpanes. The aromatic constituents were determined to be alkylbenzenes, benzomono-cycloparaffins, phenyl(cyclohexyl) alkanes, alkylnaphthalenes, benzodicycloparaffins, benzotricycloparaffins. alkylacenaphthenes, and naphthalene monocycloparaffins. These compounds were similar in nature to those found in the Green River shale oil.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759108942326

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The objective of this review is to (i) articulate the current level of understanding of the types of “reactive molecules” intimately involved in the long term oxidative storage instability of middle distillates, (ii) review the types of chemical reaction mechanisms most likely involved in the “oxidative phase” of insoluble formation, (iii) review the postulated chemical mechanisms of stabilizer (additive) operation, and (iv) discuss future research areas that must be explored if a greater understanding and control of middle distillate instability is to be realized.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759108942327

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759108942328

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759108942329

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759108942330

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor