摘要:

Worldover, blending stream compositions of lead free gasoline of desired octane quality is being relooked at, as more stringent control of lead emission standards are being enforced. In the present case study, the model has identified that choosing the right strategies like optimum use of crude ratio, addition of catalytic reformer unit (CRU) and capacity expansions of crude & vacuum distillation units etc.in a 7.5 million metric tons/year (mmt/y) refinery, there could be an increase of 12 octane number of lead free gasoline and a refinery profit of $3.5 million/year at given constraints of products demand & price structure by using suitable mathematical techniques.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759508947669

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Iomex, an aromatic rich concentrate from kerosene feedstock is a potential source for production of naphthalene which has a variety of industrial applications. Four analytical procedures were standardized for compositional study of iomex according to chemical class wise. Hydrocarbon group type separation ( saturates, mono-and diaromatics ) and quantitation was reported using column chromatography, gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Data generated by these techniques are in good agreement with each other. A diaromatic fraction containing naphthalene and its precursors was studied in detail by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Capillary GC could resolve each and every component of the diaromatic fraction, whereas quantitation and characterization of 27 components were obtained by mass spectrometry.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759508947670

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In this paper, two high-sulfur coals were selected from Yazhou and Donglin mines of China. Inorganic sulfur was completely removed first, then the tested samples were experimented under various conditions: hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, and supercritical extraction with methanol. The change in organic sulfur was investigated. It was found that approximately 40-60% organic sulfur in coal was released at the temperature of 350°C. The removed organic sulfur was thioalcohol and thioether, while the remaining part in coal was thiophenic sulfur.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759508947671

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An experimental investigation on the behaviour of thermally treated carbon black feedstocks is reported. The various changes in Physico-Chemical and Rheological properties of these feedstocks are compared and a relationship between treatment temperature and system colloidal stability is defined. The binary mixtures of different proportion of thermally treated feedstocks are subjected to rheological investigation to study their compatibility behaviour. A correlation between viscous flow activation energy and stability factor of the system is established.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759508947672

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Solid-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions cause many problems such as oil loss, fouling of a processing unit, and environmental hazard in the petroleum production and refining. The ability of finely divided solids to stabilize these emulsions is due to the adsorption of asphaltenes and other heavy constituents. This study presents the individual and competitive adsorption of asphaltene functionalities in cyclohexane solution and asphaltene in heptol solution onto goethite (FeOOH) particle surfaces at 25 °C to quantitatively understand the FeOOH particle-fluid interactions. The functionalities used were carboxylic acid (represented by benzoic acid), sulfoxide (by diphenylsulfoxide), and pyrrolic (by indole). The single component adsorption of these functionalities was well represented by both the Langmuir and Freundlich models, showing that adsorptive affinity for FeOOH increased in the order of indole < diphenylsulfoxide < benzoic acid. This observation was supported by the results of bi-component competitive adsorption of three functionality pairs on FeOOH, which were interpreted by the Fritz model. The adsorption of asphaltene was performed using dry and moist FeOOH surfaces and well represented by both the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The moist FeOOH yielded a decrease in the adsorption of asphaltene compared to adsorption on dry FeOOH.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759508947673

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The poisoning of commercial coprecipilated Fe-Cu-K catalyst by oxygen in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was investigated, since synthesis gas obtained by the gasification of coal contains O2. The pretreated catalysts were oxidized in a oxygen-containing syngas.The effects of poisoning methods, reaction temperature, and oxygen fed to catalyst on the catalytic behavior of reduced Fe-Cu-K catalyst in a fixed bed were studied for synthesis tests with the ratio H2/CO of 2.3 containing O25.16×10−3under 2.62 MPa and 524.2 K. The relative activity of catalyst exceeded 1 for the first few hours of poisoning by oxygen both in prepoisoning and poisoning in situ process, then decreased linearly with the increasing of oxygen fed to catalyst, and finally increased to the relative activity of 0.6-0.7. The activity decreased less rapidly poisoning in situ than that of prepoisoning. The gaseous hydrocarbons average molecular weight increased greatly when poisoned by oxygen. The wax weight percentage in products and the ratio of olefin to paraffin decreased as poisoned by oxygen. Oxygen also affects the composition of oils and the contents of oxygenated compounds formed in water phase.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759508947674

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy technique possesses a decided advantage to many classical transmission spectroscopic studies of petroleum fractions and related materials. where the solids are dispersed and encapsulated in a matrix. The detailed and comprehensive diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopic study on the sediments derived from visbroken residues after prolonged storage at ambient aging conditions are reported. The technique provides a better degree of characterization and high quality data on the structure and chemistry of sediment formation during visbreaking and storage at ambient aging conditions. The study also provides a new insight into the visbreaking reactions, which especially influence the nature and extent of sediment formation.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759508947675

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor