摘要:

This work focuses on the influence of water in determining the rate of methanol synthesis over CuO/ZnO/Al2O3catalysts. The experimental investigations were conducted in a 1-L slurry reactor based on the novel liquid phase methanol synthesis process. The liquid medium used was a blend of paraffinic and naphthenic mineral oils with a mean molecular mass of 250. It was found that the methanol rates attained a maximum at an optimal water content which was dependent on the reaction temperature. The catalytic activity was found to decline with time at lower temperatures in the presence of a relatively large excess of water. The influence of water was also found to be firmly linked to the corresponding carbon dioxide content in the reactor feed. The experimental data bear additional significance because this was the first such study to be performed on the liquid phase process. Emphasis was therefore placed on the use of a CO-rich syngas in order to simulate anticipated process conditions.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843758908962273

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Pentane asphaltenes of Gudao and Shanjiasi paving asphalts before and after the Thin Film Oven Test have been fractionated by gradient solvent extraction. All of the fractions obtained were subjected to elemental analysis, molecular weight determination, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray diffraction. Crystallite parameters were derived by X-ray diffraction method. The difference between f002and fAwas discussed and it was found that the ratios f002/fAobtained depend upon the compactness of the aromatic systems in asphaltenes.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843758908962274

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Petroleum fuels of marginal stability have been used as a source of nitrogen-rich polar extracts. Polar compounds were isolated by mild acid extraction followed by silica gel adsorption. The extracts were characterized and identified by combined capillary column GC/MS. Both fuels were studied by two methods under accelerated storage conditions, bottle tests and oxygen overpressure. Bottle tests were conducted at 80°C for 14 days and the oxygen overpressure at both 65 and 43°C for 6 days and 4 weeks respectively. Filterable insolubles and adherent gum were measured for both methods. Peroxide numbers were determined by ASTM D3703-85 for both stressed and original fuel samples.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843758908962275

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Data are presented on the use of shale oil obtained by thermal processing of shale-kukersite for carbon adsorbents and electrode coke production.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843758908962276

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Contact angle measurements were carried out in coal / n-alkanes film - air bubble - water systems. Then theoretical an analysis of the equilibrium state of that system was carried out on the basis of the components of the surface free energy of coal of various ranks. The contact angles were measured for four ranks of Polish coal which surfaces were covered with n-alkanes film in the homological series from n-hexane to n-hexadecane. On the basis of the studies and calculations carried out we have concluded that the values of the contact angle depend on the rank of coal, a thickness of n-alkane film and its structure and the presence of water film under the air bubble. It was also found that the changes of the- values of the contact angles measured in the mentioned sytems as a function of the number of contacted air bubbles were similar to those calculated on the basis of the solution of Young equation in function of the surface free energy of coals precovered with n-alkane film.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843758908962277

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Measurements of the detachment force of an air bubble from the surface of various coal ranks were carried out in water. These values were compared with those calculated from the contact angle values measured in coal - air bubble - water system and from the values (from literature) of the dispersion and the nondispersion components of the surface free energy of the studied coals. On the basis of the obtained results we found that there is a good agreement among the measured and calculated values of the detachment force for given coal rank. The coals studied may be divided into three groups according to their ability to form the stable attachment with air bubble. The arithmetic weighted mean of the detachment forces were correlated with the natural flotability of coals and the linear relationship as obtained.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843758908962278

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The solubility of the Tuncbilek Lignite is increased up to 100%, on daf. basis, after KOH-Benz-hydrol treatment. Meanwhile its oxygen, sulphur and ash contents are decreased considerably. It has been shown that the solubility, H/C and S/C ratios, as well as the sulphur content of the coal are well correlated with the hydrogen transferred from benzhydrol, whereas the oxygen content does not. The oxygen content correlate with the ash content. A reductive elimination mechanism is suggested for the removal of the hetero-atoms, which also causes the degradation and the increase of the solubility of the coal.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843758908962279

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1989

数据来源: Taylor