摘要:

Using a molten metal bath as heat source of reaction, the coking kinetics of Gudao vacuum residue in temperature ranges of 400 – 440°C and 460–500°C were studied and kinetic models were developed. The order of reaction, pre-frequency factor and apparent activation energy of thermal-cracking were determined as 1.0, 7.853 × 1010min−1and 175.3KJ/mol respectively. The results laid a solid foundation for technological computation, reconstruction and design of the tubular furnace using the residuum as its feedstock.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759508947708

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The electro-reduction of naphthalene in the ethanol/water/LiCl system in a devided cell with lead cathode is reported. The effects of experimtental parameters are examined. The main product is to be dihydronaphthalene and a reaction mechanism is proposed.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759508947709

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The electro-reduction of naphthalene in the ethanol/water/TBABr system in a devided cell with lead cathode is reported and the effects of experimental parameters are examined. The main product is tetrahydro-naphthalene. The kinetics of the controlled potential electrolysis of naphthalene is investigated and a reaction mechanism is suggested.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759508947710

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Intrinsic kinetic data for propylene hydrogenation over a CoMo / Al2O3catalyst were measured in a plug-flow integral reactor at atmospheric pressure in the ranges of temperature and propylene concentration similar to industrial processes. The parameters of several Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic models derived from postulated corresponding reaction mechanisms were estimated by DFP variable measurement method. It was shown in view of physical meaning, variance and residue analysis that the data could be simulated satisfactorily by power law model and the models derived from the adsorption of only either molecular hydrogen or dissociated hydrogen. A kinetic optimization method which combined diffusion-reaction model, kinetic data, pore-size distribution and tortuosity factor was proposed in this paper to calculate the intraparticle reaction dead region and intraparticle concentration profiles. The method was used to treat hydrogenation reaction and the model values of tortuosity factor were justified by single pellet string reactor experiments. Research work showed that kinetic optimization method was effective for analysis of any reaction system over arbitrary shapes of catalysts.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759508947711

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Tank bottom sludge from storage tanks of Bombay High crude oil deposited during ten years have been studied. The yield of the sludge is approximately 0.1% wt. of the crude oil through-put. The residue boiling above 500°C amounts to over 50%. The distillate fractions collected at 50°C intervals have been analysed extensively and compared to fractions from whole crude of same boiling range. The sludge distillate are distinctly more paraffinic in nature.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759508947712

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Liquid hydrocarbon oil and water have been produced from the liquefaction of cellulosic matter present in municipal solid wastes (MSW). Gases and residual char have also been produced as by-products resulting from the pyrolysis reaction of cellulose. Quantities of water and pyrolytic char were estimated at different conditions of the process (temperature pressure of hydrogen, carrier oil medium and concentration of boric acid). From the results obtained, it was suggested that the formation of water seems to be sensitive to the operational conditions which enhance a water-gas shift reaction (in which water molecules are consumed to produce carbon dioxide and hydrogen). Decreasing of the undesired chary by-product could be achieved by increasing the concentration of boric acid that catalyzes the liquefaction reaction. Two petroleum distillates, namely gas oil and residual fuel oil, were used as carrier media of a solid refuse. It was found that fuel oil is more efficient as a buffering medium that prevents cellulose macromolecules from a rapid and complete charing during the liquefaction process. The pyrolytic char was characterized and evaluated by means of different analytical procedures and solvent extraction using petroleum ether 40–60°C and methanol. Calorific value of the pyrolytic char was found to be 4.6 Kcal g−1which is quite close to that of a brown coal. Dropping point test of the extracted material by petroleum ether indicated that the extract can be utilized for producing lubricating greases via saponificattion with a salt of sodium or calcium.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759508947713

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Crude oil samples from the major producing fields in the Gulf of Suez were geochemically assessed to evaluate maturity, origin and depositional environmental trends. Multiple analytical parameters used to charactrizethe petroleum samples included asphaltene content, sulfur content, liquid chromatographic separation, and gas chromatography of the saturated hydrocarbons fraction. From the results obtained, it was suggested that the crude oils are mature. Also, no strong evidence of biodegradation has been observed. Distribution of n-alkanes indicated that the crude oils are derived mainly from marine sedmentary source rocks. Pristane/phytane ratio of the crude oils seemed to be mostly below unity, indicating reducing depositional environments.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759508947714

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Sugar cane bagasse is liquefied in the presence of various solvents under different experimental conditions. A series of ethanol amines (MEA, DEA, TEA), ethanol, ammonia and water are investigated as vehicles for the conversion, with tetralin being used as a reference solvent. The best results are obtained using ethanol amines. The influence of particle size, temperature, pressure and reaction time on the conversion yield, as well as on the product quality, are evaluated. Longer conversion times at high temperature not only increase the amount of liquefied product but also promote better upgrading to smaller molecules of immediate interest. The quality of the conversion products was followed by liquid column chromatography, permitting optimizing the liquefaction through product characterization.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759508947715

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1995

数据来源: Taylor