摘要:

This study describes the isolation and characterization of sulfur compound types in high boiling distillate of Arab crude oil. Thu distillates were prepared by physical and chemical methods like adsorption chromatography and complexation with mercurous nitrate and iodine. Spectrophotometry methods were used for detection and identification. The sulfur compound types, thus obtained, were classified into aliphatic sulfides, aromatic sulfides, and thiophencs. Sulfides represented the most abundant type of sulfur compounds in the distillate.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759108942275

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A study of the reaction involving the heating of air dried and ground lignocellulosic materials such as wheat straw, corn stover, tobacco stalk, tobacco leave and hazel nut shell suspended in water containing sodium carbonate catalyst at elevated temperatures and pressures in a 0.1 liter autoclave. They have been converted to acetone-soluble oil and water-soluble chemicals by being heated for 75 minutes. Within the ranges of the reaction parameters studied: amount of the catalyst (2.0-11.0 wt %), water-to-solid ratio (1:1-5:1) and temperature (518-573 K). Nominal reaction time was 75 min and particle size was 0.6 mm. The optimum ratio of water to solid was found 3:1. The yield of total acetone-solubles were about 50 % of dry and ashless tobacco stalk in the presence of 11 % catalyst of used sample.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759108942276

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

When a Co/Mo catalyst is used for processing vanadium-containing heavy oils, vanadium deposits on the catalyst. As the amount of vanadium on the CoMo catalyst increases, the catalytic effects of CoMo decline and the presence of vanadium starts to influence the hydroprocessing products. Model feeds have been used to explore the changes in the catalytic activity of CoMo, aged CoMo, and VSxon alumina. Desulfurization, denitrogenation, deoxygenation, aromatics hydrogenation, and metals removal were monitored. Upon the addition of hydrogen sulfide to hydrogen, improvements in the catalysts for aromatics hydrogenation, denitrogenation and metals removal were observed.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759108942277

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Studies of the transformation of asphaltites into anion exchange resins with properties comparable to those of industrial resins show that petroleum residua are a source of these important materials. Detailed studies of the molecular morphology show that the mechanism of structure formation is similar to the polycondensation processes for manufacture of synthetic polymers. There is a need to focus attention on the potential monomers in petroleum residua. The residua are convenient raw materials with great potential for organic, macromolecular, and petrochemical synthesis.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759108942278

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Asphaltenes precipitated by the use of pentane, heptane and decane solvents from Saudi Arabian Light (AL) and Saudi Arabian Heavy (AH) crude oils 370°C + residua have been investigated by thermal gravimetric analysis and pyrolysis - gas chromatographic analysis at 350°C and 520°C. Gas chromatographic analysis of the gases evolved during pyrolysis has shown that CO, CO2and CH4constitute the major portion of the gases evolved at 350°C from pentane and heptane asphaltenes of AH residue and from pentane asphaltenes of AL residue. Whereas gases evolved from decane asphaltenes are dominated by CO2and C2-C4hydrocarbon gases. At 520°C, hydrogen and methane represent 56-80 vol %of the gases evolved from all the four asphaltenes. The amounts of C1-C4hydrocarbon gases increased with an increase in the carbon number of the precipitating solvent at 350°C and decreased at 520°C. The presence of up to C36normal alkane hydrocarbon has been indicated in the maltenes produced from these asphaltenes. The loss of nitrogen from AH asphaltenes during pyrolysis remained low (1-6 wt %), whereas the losses of oxygen and sulphur ranged from 58 to 74 wt % and 10 to 29 wt %, respectively.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759108942279

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Four typical DOs supplied from Japanese refineries were analyzed in detail by GC, FD-MS1H and13C-NMR after the fractionations by column chromatography. A DO carries 30% saturate and 70% aromatic fractions. The saturate consisted principally of the straight paraffins. The aromatic fraction was separated into five substractions(AR1 -AR5 ) of which contents distributed rather evenly, the middle fraction(AR 3) occupying the largest of 30%. The aromatic components had consisted of aromatic rings from 2(AR1) to 4(AR4+5), of some aryl-aryl linkages and naphthenic rings being included. The lighter aromatic fraction carried more alkyl groups, enhance its solubility and elution in the column. B DO appeared heaviest among the DOs in the present study. The oils carried only 10% of the saturate and 75% of AR3-AR5 aromatic subfractions. Its saturate was of carried rather short chains and more isoparaffins. Its aromatic components had very similar aromatic units to those of A DO in the same subfraction, although the heaviest fraction of the former one contained also a small portion of 6 aromatic rings F and G DOs were very similar to A DO in the fractional distribution and component structure, although the latter carried more amounts of heavier aromatic fractions. Such results of structural analyses were compared to the coke yields under atmospheric pressure, where only heavier aromat.ic.fractions were converted into the coke. The molecular size and aromaticity of the fractions are concerned for such a correlation.

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759108942280

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0884-3759    

DOI:10.1080/08843759108942281

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1991

数据来源: Taylor