摘要:

SummaryVery few double‐blind trials of oral immunotherapy have been reported. The majority of these have been performed with pollen extracts and the results have often been equivocal. The major weaknesses of these studies have been the short periods of the trials, the low doses of allergen employed and inadequate evaluation of efficacy. The present study has involved a placebo‐controlled double‐blind trial of oral immunotherapy for three years withDermatophagoides pteronysstnusat relatively high doses in 18 paediatric patients. Throughout the trial clinical parameters (symptom and medication scores) and immunological parameters (specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG4 levels) were monitored in order to assess the safely and efficacy of the treatment. The treatment was well tolerated by all patients and no side‐effects were experienced. Clinical improvement was evident after the second year of therapy and this was confirmed by a significant reduction in conjunctiva! reactivity assessed by a specific conjunctival provocation lest. In addition, there were significant changes in the immunological parameters with a reduction in specific IgE and increased levels of IgG4 and IgGI, results in keeping with previous studies of oral and subcutaneous immunotherapy. Although the results do not provide an explanation of the basis of successful oral immunotherapy, they clearly demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the treatment and suggest that it may be a useful and more acceptable alternative for patients than the traditional subcutaneous immuno

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00917.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe investigated the effects or intravenous injection of methylprednisolone (MPR) compared with placebo (saline) onex vivoleucocytic histamine release in eight healthy volunteers. All subjects received in a randomized and a single‐blind manner the placebo and MPR, 20 mg and 125 mg, each injection given in 2 week intervals. On each occasion blood samples were taken just before and 24 h after the intravenous injection to determine circulating leucocyte counts and leucocytic histamine release induced by anti‐IgE (1/2000) and FMP (Formyl‐Methionyl‐Phenylalanine) (10−5M) and its modulation by IL‐3 (2 ng/ml). MPR 20 mg and 125 mg significantly increased circulating leucocyte counts (P0.05 andP<0.001 respectively) but decreased leucocytic histamine content (P0.05 andP<0.001 respectively) by 24 h. Placebo had no effect. As for circulating basophils, after 24 h they were decreased by 125 mg MPR (P<0.05) but increased by 20 mg (P<0.05). Anti‐IgE‐induced HR was significantly inhibited by 125 mg MPR (P<0.05) but not by 20 mg MPR or by the placebo. In contrast, neither MPR (20 mg and 125 mg) nor placebo significantly reduced FMP‐induced HR. The strong potentiation by IL‐3 of HR evoked by anti‐IgE and FMP at baseline (P<0.001) persisted 24 h after injection of MPR or placebo (P<0.001 exceptP<0.05 for anti‐IgE‐induced HR after 125 mg MPR). We conclude that a single injection of a high dose of MPR can, after 24 h, decrease not only the number of circulating basophils but also their ‘releasability’ to an immunological stimulus, without preventing th

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00918.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effects of different extracellular Na+and CV2+concentrations on histamine release from human basophils were investigated. Isosmotic replacement of extracellular Na+either with choline+, a non‐permeant Na+analogue, or glucose significantly increased spontaneous and anti‐IgE‐induced histamine release. Basophils from 12 of 49 normal subjects, which were found not to release histamine upon challenge with an optimal dose of anti‐IgE in a 135 mM NaCl buffer, were converted into releasing basophils when stimulation with anti‐IgE was performed in a low‐Na+medium. The increase in Na+concentration in the extracellular medium was accompanied by a reduction in the magnitude of basophil response to anti‐IgE, which was significantly more pronounced in non‐releasers than in releasers (per cent inhibition by 70 mM NaCl 75.5 + 3.2 vs 43.5 + 9.0,P<0.01). At higher Na+concentrations a progressive and almost complete abrogation of histamine release was observed in non‐releasers, but not in releasers (maximal per cent inhibition at 140 mM NaCl 97.3+1.3 vs 50.4 + 8.6). The Na+/H+exchanger monensin had a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect on anti‐IgE‐induced histamine release, and the concentration inhibiting 50% of histamine release was l.5 × 10−7M. When basophils were challenged in the presence of different Na+and C2+concentrations, it was shown that the two cations have antagonistic effects, which is to say that they down‐regulate and upregulate histamine release, respectively. Moreover, the requirement of extracellular Ca2+was lowered in a low‐Na+medium. These results suggest that Na+and Ca+ions contribute with opposite effects to the modulation of basophil response to anti‐IgE and that non‐releasing basophils are converted into rele

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00919.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTo investigate the role of IL‐4in vivoin allergic asthma, we developed a murine model of allergen‐induced airway inflammation. Repealed daily exposures of actively immunised C57BL/6 mice to aerosolized ovalbumin (OVA) induced a peribronchial inflammation and an increase in eosinophils and lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar‐lavage(BAL) fluid. In IL‐4 deficient (IL4−/−) mice, treated in the same way, there were substantially fewer eosinophils in BAL and much less peribronchial inflammation compared with wild type mice. In this model, mast cell deficient (W/Wv) mice developed a similar degree of BAL eosinophilia and peribronchial inflammation as wild type mice, demonstrating that the mast cell is not required for the induction of chronic airway inflammation. In contrast, BAL eosinophilia and airway inflammation were absent in OVA‐treated MHC ClassII deficient (B6.Aa−/−) mice which lack mature CD4+T lymphocytes. In conclusion, these results indicate that IL‐4 is a central mediator of allergic airway inflammation, regulating antigen‐induced eosinophil recruitment into the airways by a T cel

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00920.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00921.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books review in this article:Respiratory Allergy. Advances in Clinical Immunology and Respiratory Medicineedited by G. Melillo, P. M. O'Byrne and G. MaroneFood and Food Additive Intolerance in Childhoodby T. J. David

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00922.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00923.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00924.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY