ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00876.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00877.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe examined the effect of cessation of exposure to pollen on non‐specific airway responsiveness in 10 grass and/or parietaria pollen sensitive asthmatics. Three methacholine inhalation challenges were performed, the first during pollen season (seasonal period), the second 2 months after the end of season (short lime after seasonal period), and the third 5 months after the end of season (long time after seasonal period). The dose response curves to methacholine were characterized by the PC20 (provocative concentration of methacholine required to produce a 20% fall in FEV|) and maximal response plateau, if possible. A maximal response plateau on the dose‐response curve was considered to he present if three or more data points for FEV1fell within a 5% response range. The challenge was stopped when FFV1dropped more than 50% or the highest concentration of methacholine (200 mg/ml) was reached. The geometric mean (range) methacholine PC20 increased from 1.08 (0.18–37.22) in the seasonal period to 4.67 (0.71–200) mg/ml during the long time after seasonal period (P<0.01). On the other hand, in six subjects in whom it was possible to obtain a plateau on at least one challenge, the level of the maximal response decreased from (mean ± s.e.m.) 44.1 ± 4.9 in the seasonal period to 30 ± 4.4 during the long lime after seasonal period (P<0.05). These results suggest that in pollen sensitive asthmatic patients, the cessation of exposure to pollen is associated with a reduction of non‐specific bronchial responsiveness (PC20 and maximal degree of airway narrowing to m

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00878.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTheSaccharomyces cerevisiaeallergens were characterized by IgE‐immunoblotting with serum samples of 83 patients; 63 represented patients with atopic dermatitis with previous positive skin prick test or RAST forS. cerevisiae, seven patients with AD but negative test results and 13 were non‐atopic controls. Disrupted whole body extract ofS. cerevisiaewas used in the assays. From the patients tested 41 patients with atopic dermatitis appeared positive in IgE immunoblotting revealing 22 IgE stained bands. From these bands 10 represented intermediate allergens, and 12 minor allergens. The most frequent staining was obtained with the 48 kD band (39%). When the staining pattern of 45 kD and 48 kD bands and mannan was compared withCandida albicansallergens or purified baker's yeast enolase a simultaneous binding was seen with the 48 kD band ofS. cerevisiaeand the 46 kD band ofC. albicansand enolase whereas the 45 kD band was neither associated with the 46 kD band ofC. albicansnor purified enolase. High molecular weight staining was found in five samples. The staining pattern was associated with the mannose containing structures in parallel withC. albic

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00879.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe importance of bronchial epithelial shedding in the pathogenesis of asthma has been highlighted by many investigators as a potential mechanism for bronchial hyperresponsiveness. It has been suggested that this disruption is the result of cytotoxic injury leading to shedding of damaged cells. To investigate whether damaged ciliated epithelial cells can be detected within the bronchial mucosa. we used tannic acid which only permeates disrupted cellular membranes, as a marker of cell damage. Bronchial biopsies from seven asthmatic and six normal subjects, were processed in tannic acid prior to preparation and sectioning for electronmicroscopic examination. Ciliated epithelial cells staining darkly with tannic acid were seen to comprise a similar proportion of the intact portion of bronchial epithelium in both normals and asthmatics (medians 31% vs 40%). We suggest that ciliated epithelial cells are not shed from the bronchial mucosa immediately after damage and that mechanisms other than granulocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity may account for epithelial disruption in asthma, possibly involving the selective damage or reduced expression of intraepilhelial intercellular adhesion molecule

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00880.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe clinical profile of anaphylactic reactions to bumble bees is described and successful immunotherapy with honey bee venom in seven bumble bee allergic patients is reported. The cause of the high frequency of sensitization to pollen in these patients is discussed.

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00881.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn allergic asthma eosinophils infiltrate into the lung after allergen challenge. The mechanism of this cellular infiltration is not fully understood. L‐Selectin is involved in leucocyte‐endothelial cell recognition and participates in homing of leucocytes into sites of inflammation. To find indications for a role of L‐Selectin in the migration of eosinophils to the bronchoalveolar space we measured L‐Selectin expression on eosinophils in peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) 4 hr after the early allergic reaction after allergen challenge. Nine patients with allergic asthma participated in the study. An eosinophil specific high depolarization signal enabled us to measure L‐Selectin expression on eosinophils in a FACS analysis without isolation of these cells. Eosinophils recovered from BAL showed a strong decrease of L‐Selectin expression compared to blood eosinophils. This decrease in L‐Selectin expression can be inducedin vitroby activation of eosinophils with PMA or FMLP whereas priming of eosinophils during several hours with GM‐CSF did not influence L‐Selectin expression. Our results are a first indication that L‐Selectin may play a role during homing of eosinophils in the lung in asthma after allergen challenge. Moreover, the low expression of L‐Selectin on eosinophils in the lung is a further indication that these cells exhibit a

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00882.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThere are numerous alternatives to cows' milk formula for allergic children. We have investigated the allergenicity of several of these using RAST and RAST inhibition on serum from 16 patients with a known history of cows' milk protein intolerance (CMPI) and 16 atopic controls. A RAST grade of ≥3 for cows' milk was present in all those with CMPI, whilst all the controls gave RAST of ≤1 ‐ Modified cows' milk formula, goats' infant formula, sheep and goats' milk produced similar results to cows' milk. Only two patients had RAST ≥3 for soya milk and the soy/beef hydrolysate gave positive results in only three patients. One had positive RAST to Nutramigen and two to Pregestimil. Of the whey hydrolysates investigated, Pepti‐junior gave seven positive RASTs whilst we were unable to hind Alfare to the sepharose in sufficient quantities to interpret the results which were negative in all cases. RAST inhibition data on pooled sera from the same patients agreed with the RAST results. The inhibition curves showed high inhibition with goats', sheep, modified cows' milk formula and the casein formula. AL110 (50%). Soy and soy/beef hydrolysate showed a much lower inhibition pattern. Casein hydrolysates showed low inhibition while the whey hydrolysate produced higher inhibition. We have shown that despite claims of low allergenicity. some of these alternative formulae are antigenically recognizedin vitroby some cows' milk intolerant

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00883.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThirty‐nine patients sensitized toAlternariawere evaluated using titrated skin‐prick test (SPT), histamine release studies (HR), inhibition of RAST and immunoblotting studies. To determine the relevance of the major allergen,Alt aI, specific rabbit antibodies againstAlt aI andAlt aB were used. The antibodies were preincubated at different concentrations: (i) with theAlternariaallergen dose required for maximum response in the HR assay (10 BU/ml) and (ii) with theAlternariaantigen coupled to RAST paper discs (1000 BU/disc). Dose dependent inhibition of histamine release (n= 30, x̄= 80%± 4%, IC30 = 0.69 μg/ml) and of RAST (n= 7, IC30 = 4.4 μg/ml) was found in all patients sensitized toAlternariaas indicated by allergen induced HR. The greater the response toAlternariain HR, the higher the antibody concentrations necessary for inhibition (P<0.05). Immunoblot experiments (n=25) using SDS‐PAGE showed in all cases IgE‐ and IgG binding at approximately 28 kD, which is the size reported for the major allergen.All aI. In two cases, slight IgE binding at 45 and 66 kD was also found, while in two other patients, only IgE binding at 66 kD was seen. Our findings emphasize the major importance ofAlt aI in patients sensitized t

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00884.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryUsing guinea‐pig lung membranes and cloned human β2‐receptor adrenergic receptors the effects of whole serum, plasma, purified immunoglobulins and cellular activation products on β2‐adrenergic receptor ligand binding and function were investigated. Sera from 24 non‐asthmatic subjects and 115 asthmatics in different clinical categories were studied. There were no significant differences between antagonist ([125I] cyanopindolol) inhibition mediated by serum, plasma or by purified IgG when the asthmatics were compared with non‐asthmatics. There was also no inhibition of 10−6misoproterenol stimulated cAMP release from L cells expressing human β2‐adrenergic receptors, by plasma, DEAE purified IgG fractions from asthmatics and non‐asthmatics, or by products of activated platelets or lymphocytes. Since we have no evidence that immunoglobulins from asthmatic subjects exert functional inhibition of human β2‐adrenergic receptors we conlcude that autoantibodies to the β2‐adrenergic receptors do not play an important functional role in the p

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00885.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY