摘要:

SummaryTwenty‐one asthmatic and twenty‐two non‐asthmatic children and nine asthmatic adults from two different rural areas of Tanzania, and eight asthmatic children from Dar‐es‐Salaam were surveyed by questionnaires, skin testing and the measurement of serum IgE. Asthma was significantly commoner in female rural children (four males, fifteen females). The rural asthmatic children apparently had less skin reactivity (in seven of nine tests) and lower specific (in two of four tests) and total serum IgE than age‐, sex‐ and village‐matched controls. This pattern of asthma in rural children in the tropics represents a different type of asthma from that found in temperate zones. In contrast, the adult rural asthmatics and the urban children seemed to have the pattern of increased skin reactivity and serum IgE found in asthmatic patients from tem

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1984.tb02222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIntradermal (ID) and prick tests with bee or wasp venom (Pharmalgen) have been performed on 102 subjects with a history of adverse reactions to stings and forty‐six control subjects giving no such history. Venom was diluted 100, 10 and 1 μg/ml for prick testing and 10‐2, 10‐2, 10‐3and 10‐4%mUg/ml for ID injections.In forty‐six control subjects all were tested with the highest concentration of prick testing solution (100 μg/ml), eight (17%) had positive reactions, a similar reaction rate to that reported in control subjects using 10‐1μg/ml ID. In our 102 test subjects skin tests were therefore regarded as positive only if the reaction was elicited by 10‐2μg/ml or less by prick test of 10‐2μg/ml or less ID.In general the results with skin prick tests and ID tests were comparable when the prick solution was 1000 times the concentration of that used for ID testing. ID tests were positive in thirteen with negative skin prick, seven of whom had detectable antibodies when tested by RAST. Conversely four with a positive skin prick test (two of whom were RAST positive) were considered negative on ID testing. As judged either by RAST or skin tests it appeared that sensitivity diminished with the time interval from th

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1984.tb02223.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCutaneous reactions associated with captopril treatment occurred in fifteen out of eighty‐nine patients (17%). Dose reduction invariably led to improvement of the reaction but later recurrences were frequent (six patients). In four out of the fifteen patients captopril withdrawal ultimately was necessary. Skin tests andin vitrolymphocyte transformation tests with captopril were performed in these fifteen patients and also in nine captopril‐treated control patients without adverse reactions.Positive epicutaneous skin tests were observed in five out of the fifteen patients including the four in whom captopril had to be withdrawn, but in none of the controls. Intracutaneous skin tests were positive in ten of the patients with cutaneous reactions and in two control patients. Captopril‐inducedin vitrolymphocyte transformation occurred in most patients with cutaneous reactions whereas in control patients captopril suppressed thein vitrolymphocyte proliferative response. Skin biopsies revealed histologic changes consistent with lymphocytic vasculitis.We conclude that epicutaneous skin tests with captopril are helpful in predicting the necessity of captopril withd

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1984.tb02224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySerum antibodies to avian andAspergillusantigens were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in forty‐two workers from a poultry abattoir and in twenty healthy blood donors. The levels of IgG and IgA antibodies to hen and duck serum were significantly higher in poultry workers than in blood donors (P<0.01). In workers employed for less than 1 year the antibody levels were lower than in those who had been employed for a longer period of time (P<0.05). The IgA antibody level to a high molecular weightAspergillusantigen was higher in poultry workers than blood donors (P<0‐05), whereas the level of otherAspergillusantibodies were similar in the two groups. The level of IgG antibodies to hen antigen was higher in non‐smokers than in smokers (P<0‐02). A correlation between the antibody levels to hen and duck antigens and to pigeon antigen was found (P<0.05). indicating cross‐reactivity between these antibodies. No cases of allergic alveolitis were found, and no correlation between antibody levels and respiratory symptoms could be d

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1984.tb02225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA 54‐year‐old man presented with features consistent with extrinsic allergic alveolitis occurring after contact with his pet birds. Screening of the serum for avian precipitating antibody was negative but canary precipitins were present. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis to his pet canaries was confirmed by inhalation challe

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1984.tb02226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of exercise on isoprenaline‐induced cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production was studied in peripheral‐blood lymphocytes obtained from ten patients with atopic asthma, seven subjects who were atopic but did not have asthma and eight non‐atopic, non‐asthmatic control subjects. The asthma in the atopic subjects was mild only requiring intermittent treatment with inhaled β adrenoceptor agonists, none of which were taken in the 48 hr prior to the study. Exercise consisted of a standardized 6‐min run on a treadmill sufficient to raise the subject's pulse rate to>160 bpm and respiratory function was measured before and at 5,10,15,20,30 and 60 min after the test. Blood samples were taken 5 min before and at 10 and 60 min after exercise, lymphocytes were separated by density gradient centrifugation and cAMP measured by a competitive radioimmunoassay. Exercise led to a significant decrease (27%) in the forced expiratory volume in I sec (FEV1) in the ten atopic asthmatic subjects but no change (<3%) in the non‐atopic and atopic non‐asthmatics. There was no significant difference in the unstimulated cAMP levels before exercise in the three groups, but stimulation with isoprenaline caused a significantly greater rise in cAMP in the non‐atopic, non‐asthmatic subjects when compared to both the atopic asthmatics and the atopic subjects without asthma. Exercise led to a significant elevation of cAMP in all three groups of subjects, but the same differences between the groups remained. These results suggest that there are differences in lymphocyte β receptor function not between patients who are asthmatic or non‐asthmatic but between individuals who are atopic as

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1984.tb02227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryNeutrophil chemotactic activity (NCA) following oral challenge with aspirin (ASA) was determined in ASA‐intolerant asthmatic subjects, and in ASA‐tolerant asthmatic and normal subjects. There was a statistically significant fall in FEV1and a rise in NCA (P<0.01) following challenge in the ASA‐sensitive subjects compared with that of the ASA‐tolerant subjects and normal controls. No significant difference was observed between the latter two groups. The chemotactic factor identified in this study had a molecular weight greater than 150 000 which is consistent with NCF‐A (neutrophil chemotactic factor of anaphylaxis). The ASA‐induced fall in FEV1and rise in NCA was further studied in three of the ASA‐intolerant asthmatic subjects, with and without pretreatment with inhaled sodium cromoglycate. In these subjects, the drug inhibited both the oral ASA‐induced bronchoconstriction and the increase in neutrophil chemotactic activity.These results suggest that ASA‐induced asthma involves mediator release from mast cells, as shown by the increase in NCA following ASA challenge and the protective effect of sodium cromoglycate which is considered to inhibit mast

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1984.tb02228.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA specific IgE‐mediated response was evaluated in twenty‐eight workers exposed to TDI or MDI, with diagnosis of occupational asthma and positive to bronchial provocative challenge. The presence of anti‐diisocyanate IgE was observed in 27% of subjects exposed to TDI and 83% of those exposed to MDI, particularly in individuals who experienced an acute massive exposure. An immediate‐type response to bronchial provocative test was found in 66% of individuals with specific antibodies. Specific IgE are prevalent (91%) in subjects who developed symptoms before 6 years of exposure to isocyanates. The results suggest an association between the presence of specific IgE, early asthmatic symptoms and heavy episodic e

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1984.tb02229.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe outcome of the respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function tests and bronchial hyperresponsiveness was studied in forty‐seven workers with respiratory disease due to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) (twenty‐seven asthmatic and twenty non‐asthmatic subjects) after about 2 years from the first examination. Eight of twelve asthmatic subjects who left the industry after the first examination complained at the follow‐up of dyspnoea and wheezing, but pulmonary function tests were unchanged; bronchial hyperresponsiveness decreased in three, but most were still positive to challenge test with bethanechol at the follow‐up. Fifteen subjects who continued their exposure to TDI showed at the follow‐up a significant decrease of the spirometric parameters and an increase of the bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and symptoms of chronic bronchitis were more frequent at the second examination. Non‐asthmatic subjects, both exposed and non‐exposed to TDI at the second examination, showed a significant decrease of the pulmonary function tests but no relevant changes in bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Our data suggest that stopping occupational exposure to TDI frequently did not produce an improvement of the TDI bronchial asthma, and persistence of the occupational exposure causes a more rapid decline in the respi

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1984.tb02230.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe ultrastructure of the process of degranulation of mast cells of human duodenal mucosa was examined. In normal controls little degranulation was seen, but in persons with false food allergy (pseudo‐allergy) considerable degranulation of mast cells was delected. This is consistent with the hypothesis that some persons have an abnormal fragility of duodenal mast cells in the presence of histamine‐releasing substances. Incubation of duodenal biopsy material with various histamine‐releasing agents (compound 48/80, Concanavalin A, the calcium ionophore A 23187, and anti‐IgE) confirmed the susceptibility of duodenal mast cells for antigen non‐specific release of histamine, or that mediated by IgE. In a group of patients with immediaie‐type, anaphylactic, food allergy, mast cells in the absence of antigen are in a normal state, but degranulation occurs on exposurein vitroorin vivoto specific antigen. The susceptibility to degranulation continues in persons cured of their food allergy. This suggests that a clinical cure is not due to a change of susceptibility of duodenal mast cells to release histamine, but is possibly associated with formation of blocking antibodies, and/or a modification in reactivity of basophils and mast cells of o

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1984.tb02231.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY