ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03248.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03249.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundThe skin microdiallysis technique makes it possible to measure histamine release in intact human skinin vivodirectly. In this study we have used the microdialysis technique to characterize histamine release by codeine after intracutaneous injectioin and following skin challenge by a novel atraumatic delivery technique.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study was to compare histamine release in human skin by codeine. delivered by an intraprobe drug delivery system (IPD) and intracutaneous injections (ICT), with respect to dose‐response relations, kinetics of histamine appearance and decay, corelations between histamine release and skin respones, and reproducibility.MethodsHollow dialysis fibres were inserted intradermally in 12 healthy subjects. Twelve fibres were inserted in each subjects, six fibres in each arm. Each fibre was perfused at a rate of 3 μL/min, and samples were collected in 2 min fractions. By the IPD technique, codeine was administrered to the skin by adding codeine to the perfusion medium. Sequential IPD challenges were performed in one arm. and ICTs were done on the other arm.ResultsSixfold serial dilutions of codeine (0.01‐3 mg/mL) caused a significant doserelated histamine release by ICT and IPD. Peak histamine release was found within the first 4 min after skin challenge by ICT and IPD, followed by a fast decline with a dialysate histamine half life of approximately 2‐3 min. Peak hisamine release was linearly correlates with cumulative release of the 20 min sampling period, and histamine release correlated with weal soze. The coefficient of variation on peak histamine releae was 18.9% and 4.8% for codeine ICT and IPD, respectively.ConclusioinWe have described in detail codeine‐induced histamine release in intact human skinin vivoby the microdialysis technique. It was possible to administer codeine atraumaticallyl to the skin by intraprobe delivery. The skin microdialysis codeine atraumaticallly to the skin by intraprobe delivery. The skin microdialysis technique opens up possibilities for measurement of infllammatory mediators release in normal and diseases skin, and it will be possible to deliver immunopharmacologically active drugsto the skin by intraprobe

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03250.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundThe cause of the airway resistance developing during an asthma attack is not completely understood. Besides bronchospastn and airway oedema a surfactant dysfunction has been suggested as a reason for an increased airway resistance.ObjectiveThis paper airns at exatnining if itideed surfactant dysfunction develops when an asthma attack is induced in guinea‐pigs.MethodsGuinea‐pigs, immunized against ovalbumin and ihcn challenged (by inhal‐ing the antigen) underwent lung function tests (n=7) and were compared with seven animals challenged, but not immunized. Lung lavage was carried out in three groups of guinea‐pigs: controls. never immunized nor challenged (n=7), not immunized but challenged (n=6), immunized and challenged, no lung function test (n=6). After concctUruting the tavage fluit 10 times the surface activity was evaluated wilh the pulsatitig bubble surfactometer. The fluid's concentration of phospholipids and proteins was determined as was ihe phospholipid composition.ResultsThe 19 immunized and challenged animals all developed severe respiratory distress, six so seriously that they died. Lung function tests showed significantly increased airway resistance and decreased tidal volume, minute volume, and dynamic compliance. Surface activity of lavage fluid from immunized and challenged animals was significantly reduced when compared with fluid from control animals (p<0.01). Immunization and challenge had no effect on the lavage fluid's phospholipid concen‐tration or composition, but the proteins were at a higher concentration that in ihe fluid of the controls (P<0.01).ConclusionProteins leaking into the airways inhibited the surfactant. This, in turn might have caused conducting airways to become blocked by liquid columns, which would increase airway r

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03251.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundControl of dust mites using extremes of temperature is un alternative to the use of acaricides. In ihe past we have attempted control by freezing with liquiid nitrogen. The present paper deals with the opposite exlrcnic, the use of steam.ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility inid effectiveness of a domestic steam cleaner for the control of dust mites. its effect on mite populations and concentrations of the allergen Der p I.MethodsA domestic steam cleaner was used to treat earpet squares that had been seeded in the laboratory with known numbers of dust mites (Dermatophagoides pterpmussomis). The number of live mites was monitored for a period of 4 months in eight treated earpet squares and eight controls. Dust samples were taken from 12 standardized areas of carpet in a tenement flat in Glasgow, UK., before and after steam cleaning treatmet. and the concentration of allergen Der p 1 was compared with 12 adjacent. control areas.ResultsNo live mites were found at any time in the treated carpet squares, whereas in the control squares geometric mean mite population density rose frotn 11 after 3 days to 39 after 1 month, 66 after 2.122 after 3 and 185 after 4 months. There was a mean reduetion of 8.7% in Der p I concentration (3.3‐0.44 μg/g) compared with a reduction of 4.7% (2.22‐2.l16μg/g) in control areas, a difference that was statistically significant at the 5% level.ConclusionThese data indicate that steam cleaning has considerable potential as an highly effective and efficient method of killing dust mites and reducing concentrations of Der p 1 in domestic pre

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03252.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundIn order to understand the medical decision taken during the intaial visit of a new asthmatic patient, a group experts designed an expert system which provides conclusions about severity, precipiting factors and treatment. Rules for atopy and the assesment of allergic factors have been discussed and implementedin the expert system. Conclusion about severity have been yet validated using an appropriate methodology.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate a sample of 471 patients according to conclusions regarding atopy.MethodsA total of 471 cases report forms (CRf) was filled in for adult asthmatic outpatients, seen for the first time in our clinic without emergency situtations. Data of each CRF were used by the expert systemto draw conclusion. The expert systsm discerns threee patterns fir atopy, yes, possible or no. The variables known to reflect different features according to the classification of asthma as atopic or not have been studied. The Variables used in the rules for atopy, obviously linked to the conclusion, were not completed. For many medical problem no unique objectives solution esixts and this is why a group of patients with possible atomy was introduced.ResultsPatients with atopy had less severe asthama (P=0.01), a better FEV1 value (P=0.0007)and showed their first symptoms of asthama erlier (P=0.00001)than patients without atopy.ConclusionThe Characteristics of the group studied here are consistent with the literature. This could be considered as an indirect validation of the expert system. Moreover, Patients with possible atopy show intermediate findings for these variables and it is possible to suggest a‘dose‐effect’relatio

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03253.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03254.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03255.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY