ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb01677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb01678.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb01679.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThere have been several reports on alterations of platelet function and raised plasma heparin levels in symptom‐free atopic subjects. Either of these can affect formation of thrombinin vivo. In 25 symptom‐free atopic patients and 32 healthy volunteers we studied the generation of thrombin in blood emerging from a standardized skin microvasculature injury, which also served to determine bleeding time. Generation of thrombin was delayed in atopies. They produced significantly less thrombin (P<0.01) during the early and central phase of haemostasis. The amount of thrombin generated was inversely correlated to bleeding time, which in atopies was on average 50 sec longer than in controls (P= 0.055). Two hours after ingestion of 500 mg aspirin, this difference increased up to 150 sec, although the individual responses varied markedly (P= 0.08), while the generation of thrombin became strongly depressed in both groups. The possible clinical relevance of the delayed formation of thrombin in atopy awaits further stud

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb01680.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTo investigate the pathogenic role of cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) in acute severe asthma, 10 patients with acute asthma requiring admission to hospital had measurements of serum and urine absolute neopterin and neopterin/creatinine ratios. Serum was collected upon entry to hospital, 24 hr later and at 2 weeks; and urine at 24 hr and at 2 weeks after admission. Comparisons were made with 12 stable asthmatic patients, healthy control subjects, and six renal transplant patients undergoing transplant rejection. In contrast to the renal transplant patients who demonstrated T‐lymphocyte‐macrophage activation, neopterin concentrations and neopterin/creatinine ratios in both acute and stable asthmatic patients were not elevated. We have not found functional evidence that CMI participates in the pathogenesis of acute severe a

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb01681.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPrevious studies have shown that nasal allergen provocation leads to dose‐dependent increases of inflammatory mediators, e.g. histamtne, kinins, LTC4and PGD2in nasal lavages. To investigte further the interaction of these mediators, a titration study with intranasal bradykinin (Bk) application (maximal dose 100 nmol/nostril) and consecutive lavage were performed in eight grass‐pollen‐allergic patients out of season, and five controls. The nasal lavages were analysed for albumin, N‐α‐tosyl‐l‐arginine methyl ester (TAME) esterase activity, histamine, 9α,11β‐PGF2, and LTC4. The clinical reactions were mesured with a subjective symptom score. A dose‐dependent elevation of albumin was found which was significantly higher in patients with allergic and non‐allergic rhinitis compared with normal volunteers. TAME‐eslerase activity also increased in relation to the dosage of Bk given without significant difference between the various groups. No influence on histamine, LTC4and 9α,11β‐PGF2, release (PGD2metabolite) was seen. Short‐lasting clinical symptoms like irritation, sneezing, and obstruction were noticed after the two highest Bk dosages (10 and 100 nmol). We conclude that intransally applied Bk induces a dose‐dependent plasma leakage into the nasal cavity, which is significantly higher in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis out of season compared to normals. Bk does not seem to affect the mast cell since hisiamine, LTC4and 9αl lβ‐PGF2levels do not alter. The ability to induce relevant symptoms of rhinitis provides strong support for the hypothesis that kinins may be important mediators of inflamm

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb01682.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA group of 20 mite allergic asthmatic children aged 6‐12 years old. living in Sao Paulo, Brazil, was studied regarding their degree of sensitization to house dust mites and exposure to mite allergens in their homes. In 18 out of 20 houses at least one dust sample was obtained which contained>10 μgDer pI/g of dust. The highest levels ofDermatophagoides pteronyssinmallergens,Der pI and Group II, were measured in bedding samples (geometric mean 38.4 and 36.6μg/g, respectively), followed by bedroom floor, TV room and kitchen. Mite allergen levels in Brazilian houses were as high as those reported to be associated with sensitization and acute attacks of asthma in other parts of the world. In keeping with previous reports thatD. farinaeis rarely found in Brazil,Der flwas undetectable or found in very low levels (200 RAST U/ml in 19 out of 20 children (geometric mean 1588 RAST U/ml). IgE antibodies to cat, cockroach,A. fumigatus, ragweed and rye grass pollens were undetectable or200 RAST U/ml were observed in 13 out of 20 sera. Immunoabsorption studies demonstrated that the bulk of the IgE‐ antibody toB. tropicafis(64%) was to species‐specific allergens and that 36% were cross‐reactive withD. pteronyssinus. The implication of our results is that management of children with asthma in São Paulo should include skin testing for allergy to bothDermatophagoidesandB. tropicalisas well as recommendations about environmental control of house dust m

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb01683.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEndotoxins are potent pro‐inflammatory substances present in several natural environments and in commercial house dust extracts. To investigate the possible effect of chronic endotoxin exposure on asthma, 28 patients with perennial chronic asthma (20 allergic to house dust mite and eight intrinsic asthmatics) were evaluated during a 4‐month period (lung function, clinical and immunological criteria). At the same time, two house dust samples were collected from each patient's home to determine total house dust weight (mg/m2), endotoxin concentration and house dust mite antigen content (evaluated indirectly by guanine content with HPLC method). The mean (± s. d.) endotoxin concentration, as measured by quantitative Limulus assay was 2.59 (± 3.41) ng/mg house dust, ranging from 0.12 to 20 ng/mg. The mean guanine content was 0.13 (± 0.16) mg/100 mg house dust. There was no correlation between endotoxin and house dust mite concentrations. Patients were compared according to the low or high grade exposure to dust, endotoxins and guanine. Compared with patients with low grade (≤ 5.6 ng/ml) exposure, subjects exposed to high endotoxin concentrations (>5.6 ng/ml) showed a significant increase in dyspnea (median 2.6vs3.3;P<0.05) and treatment (median 14vs44.3; P<0.01) scores, oral corticosteroid (median 0.0vs13.5 mg/24 hr;P<0.01) andβ2‐mimetics (median fourvseight puffs/day;P<0.01) intake, and a significant decrease in FEV1/FVC (median 84.5vs67% of predicted value;P<0.01). In contrast, no differences were found between the two groups exposed to low (<0.07 mg/100 mg house dust) and high (≥ 0.07 mg/100 mg house dust) concentrations of guanine, respectively. We conclude that endotoxins are present in normal domestic environment and could have a deleterious effect on the chronic asth

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb01684.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn an earlier study we showed that Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) pollen contains at least 12 IgE‐binding proteins that can be analysed by immunoblot technique. One of the active components (BG‐60) proved to be a basic protein of glycoprotein nature. It contained about 28% carbohydrate as determined from the dry weight and consisted of four molecules. One of the components was purified from the pollen extract by a combination of ammonium sulphate precipitation, ion‐exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl‐TSK, gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 44 and chromatofocusing. Its molecular weight was approximately 60 kD by SDS PAGE and 34 kD by gel filtration chromalography. The isoelectric point of the antigen was about 9.7. The homogeneity of the antigen BG‐60a was assessed by one single are of immunoprecipitation both in immanodiffusion and crossed immunoelectrophoresis and by one single band after SDS‐PAGE. Its allergenicity was demonstrated by direct intradermal skin test on allergic patients and by examining IgE‐binding reactivity with allergic pa

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb01685.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA new allergenic preparation consisting of peptic fragments of short ragweed has been tested for its clinical effectiveness. Such enzymatically derived fragments have been shown in prior murine studies to retain the T epitopes of the original allergen but to have a severe reduction in the number of B epitopes. Three groups of ragweed hay fever patients were placed on pre‐seasonal immunotherapy. One group received a conventional ragweed preparation that had been enriched for antigen E (Amh aI), designated as Pool 2. The second group was given fragments of Pool 2 (fSRW) prepared by peptic digestion and the third group was injected with histainine as a placebo. Groups treated with the fSRW and Pool 2 had significantly reduced symptom‐medication scores compared with the placebo‐treatment group. However, fSRW‐treated patients fared significantly better than Pool 2 patients (P<0.02). FSRW injections caused a significant rise in preseasonal specific IgG antibodies as well as suppression of the seasonal anamnestic specific IgE increase. Similar, but not quite as marked changes occurred with Pool 2 treatment, f SRW was well tolerated and non‐toxic. Thus, allergen modification by enzymatic degradation, as demonstrated here, appears to be a promising new approach for allergen immu

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1991.tb01686.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY