ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03022.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03023.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe IgE‐dependent activation of mononuclear phagocytic cells through their capacity to express low affinity IgE receptors (FcεRII) has been proposed as a mechanism for the development of airways inflammation in allergic asthma. This FcεRII expression leads to the IgE‐dependent production of the potent pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and TNF‐α. Expression by monocytes of FcεRII is regulated by several cytokines including interleukin‐4, γ‐ and α‐interferons, and granulocyte‐macrophage and macrophage colony stimulating factors. An anti‐inflammatory effect of nedocromil on monocytes has been proposed as a possible mechanism for its anti‐asthma activity. We therefore investigated the capacity of nedocromil to modulate mononuclear phagocyte FcεRII expression and cytokine production. We used an anti‐FcεRII antibody and flow cytometric analysis to assess the capacity of nedocromil to modulate cytokine‐induced FcεRII expression in normals and asthmatics. Monocytes, THP‐1 monocyte leukaemia cells, and alveolar macrophages were exposed to varying concentrations of these cytokines for 48 hr at 37°C with or without the additional presence of nedocromil (1–10 μm) and the per cent of monocytes expressing FcεRII was determined. No changes in FcεRII expression were observed. Subsequently, we investigated the capacity of nedocromil to affect the capacity of IgE plus anti‐IgE complexes, allergen, and LPS (16 hr/37°C) to stimulate IL‐1β and IL‐6 production. No changes were observed when nedocromil was applied concomitant with the stimulus. However, pre‐treatment (30 min) with nedocromil was associated with a 59.5±5.6% inhibition of IL‐6 production stimulated by allergen and 34.5±5.1% by anti‐IgE. In conclusion, nedocromil does not modulate mononuclear phagocytic cell FcεRII expression but does suppress IgE‐dependent cytokine production. This may represent an important anti‐inflammatory action of ned

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryStability of Candida albicans allergens was studied under various storage conditions Lyophilized extract was reconstituted with human serum albumin glycerol‐free and in the presence of 10% or 50% glycerol and stored at various temperatures for different time periods. All extracts were tested at the same time with immunoblotting usingC albicansallergic patient sera and galactosidase‐labelled anti‐IgE. The highest number of detected allergens in the immunoblotting pattern was found in the presence of 50% glycerol at +6 C. The most important allergen of $$ the 46 kD protein allergen was stable up to 10 weeks at +6 $$ C in the presence of 50% glycerol but thereafter began to lose its IgE‐binding capacity. After 30 weeks more than 50% of the IgE binding had disappeared. The 27 kD protein, another important allergen, was also labile but retained the allerg$$ better than the 46kD one. The 29kD protein allergen was stable at all storage conditions, except +3$$C tested even after one year. More than 6 months storage at +6C or higher temperature is however unacceptable even in the presence of the 50% glycerol. These findings have particular importance in the diagnosis and treatment of allergic

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03026.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn asthmatic children it was investigated whether the degree of impairment of the adrenergic response on exogenous stimuli is related to the magnitude of the 24‐hour amplitude in airflow obstructions. Urinary‐adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion after house dust mite (HDM) inhalation and after exercise was measured. Nine children with (group I), and nine without increased airflow obstruction overnight (group II) and nine age matched healthy children (group C) were included in the study. All patients showed an early obstructive reaction (EOR) after HDM challenge. Six children in group I and five in group II developed an EOR on exercise. A Significant increase in urinary adrenaline excretion was observed after exercise in the control group (P<0.05, values on the control and challenge day being 5.4±0.9 and 10.0±1.6 μmol mol creat.). The same occurred for noradrenaline (P<0.01, values being 28.2±2.5 and 49.0±5.7 μmol mol creat.). Adrenergic response after both stimuli was impaired in the asthmatic groups, in group I more pronounced than in group II. Values from group I for adrenaline on the control day. HDM and exercise challenge were 6.0±0.8, 4.7±0.6, 6.0±1.0 and for noradrenaline 36.1±2.7, 27.2±2.3, 38.4±4.9 μmol mol creat., respectively. Values from group II for adrenaline on these days were 5.6±1.0, 3.7±0.6 and 9.0±1.3 and for noradrenaline 28.3±3.2, 22.4±2.5, 41.3±5.9 μmol/mol creat., respectively. The results of this study suggest that the degree of impairment of the adrenergic response on exercise in asthmatic children is related to the magnitude of the 24 hr amplitud

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe report on the relation between the month of birth and the chance of developing an IgE antibody response as found in a study sample of 150000 subjects. Our results confirm that for the three seasonal allergens birch pollen, grass pollen and house dust mite, an increased relative risk was found for subjects born up to 3 months before the main season for that allergen in The Netherlands. For cat and dog allergy an increased relative risk was found from November to January, perhaps reflecting increased exposure to these pets during the winter. Surprisingly, however, also for egg white and cow's milk a clearly increased relative risk was found from November to January and a decreased relative risk in May. These data support the hypothesis of a ‘sensitive’ period in the first months of life during which allergen exposure is more likely to prime for an allergy later in life. The results with the non‐seasonal allergens suggest that another seasonal factor exists which early in life assists (or prevents) priming by all

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe have studied the possible role of human IgG4 as an anaphylactic antibody. For that purpose, we have determined the induction of histamine release (HR) from human basophils by anti‐IgE and anti‐IgG4 monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) recognizing different epitopes located at the Fe and Fab regions of the IgG4 molecule. The results show that anti‐IgG4 (Fab) MoAb was able to induce HR in 93% of donors tested, with no differences between atopics and non‐atopics. That HR is calcium dependent and is accompanied by the synthesis and release of leukotriene C4. In contrast, no HR could be induced by anti‐IgG4(Fc) MoAbs in any individual, even in the presence of D2O or after a second challenge with a polyclonal goat anti‐mouse IgG antibody. The results obtained suggest the presence of IgG4 on the basophil membrane and that the epitope recognized by the anti‐IgG4 (Fc) MoAbs is probably hidden in cell‐bound IgG4. This was demonstrated by immunofluorescence techniques: IgG4 bound to the basophil membrane could be detected with anti‐IgG4(Fab) but not with anti‐IgG4(Fc) MoAbs. In addition, we found that nine donors were unresponsive to an anti‐IgE stimulus, while they released histamine efficiently after challenge with anti‐IgG4(Fab), suggesting the existence of different receptors f

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBasophils were purified from peripheral blood of normal donors using Percoll discontinuous gradients and negative selection by flow cytometry. The mean purity of basophils obtained was 84.77±4.1 (s.d.)% (range 77.3–90.0%,n= 13). The overall yield of these procedures was 16.0±2.6% (range 11.0–19.9%,n= 13), and cell viability of purified basophils exceeded 90%.Properties of highly purified basophils obtained by flow cytometry did not differ from those of partially enriched basophil preparations from Percoll discontinuous gradients in respect of: (i) intracellular histamine content; (ii) percentage of spontaneous histamine release in buffer; and (iii) percentage of histamine release triggered by ionophore A 23187 or anti‐IgE. Moreover, purified basophils responded chemotactically to complement C5a in a dose‐dependent manner. These findings suggest that our procedure for purification of human basophils does not affect the functions of basophils and may be useful forin vitrostudies on the role of basophils in hypersensitivity reactions such as bronchi

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03030.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBasophil chemotactic activity (BCA) of eight recombinant human (rh) cytokines was examined. Highly purified basophils were obtained by Percoll discontinuous gradients, followed by negative selection using flow cytometry. Then BCA was measured by means of modified Boyden chamber method. Both interleukin (IL)‐3 and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) had much more potent BCA than complement C5a, leukotriene B4 and platelet activating factor, well known as granulocyte chemotactic factors. Chemotaxis rather than chemokinesis was shown in chequerboard analysis of basophil migration induced by IL‐3 and GM‐CSF. Relatively high concentrations of IL‐5 also induced basophil migration, although predominantly chemokinetic. IL‐8 had apparent BCA, which was not so high as that of C5a. In contrast, IL‐2, IL‐4, interferon(IFN)‐γ and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) had no significant BCA. These findings suggest that IL‐3, IL‐5, GM‐CSF and, perhaps, IL‐8 have an effect on basophil migration as well as modulation of basophil mediator release and may provide some insight into the basophil accumulation observe

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03031.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY