ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00550.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00551.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundMultiple mediators including prostaglandin D2and leukotriene B4have been shown to increase in nasal secretions during the early response to nasal challenge with antigen.ObjectiveOur objective was to investigate the time course of prostanoid and leukotriene B4release into nasal secretions on both the ipsilateral and contralateral side after a unilateral nasal allergen challenge.MethodsWe performed a controlled, randomized trial. Six volunteers were challenged unilaterally with antigen or diluent in a randomized order and discs were used to collect nasal secretions from both nostrils at 2 min intervals for 20 min after the challenge. Prostanoids and leukotriene B4(LTB4) in recovered nasal secretions were measured by combined capillary gas chromatography‐negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (GC/MS).ResultsNasal allergen challenge resulted in a significant and immediate increase in symptoms and sneezing. PGD2was significantly elevated above diluent values (0.6 ± 0.6pg) 30s after removal of the allergen disc (P<0.05), reached its peak (423.2 ± 182.4pg) at 2 min and then slowly decreased. PGD2also increased on the contralateral side after unilateral allergen challenge, reaching peak values about six times lower than on the ipsilateral side (70.8 ± 2l.7pg at 6 min). Levels of 9a, Ub‐PGF2after antigen provocation became significantly higher than after diluent (0 ± 0pg) on the ipsilateral side at 2 min (17.2 ± 5.9 pg), and reached peak levels at 4 mm (25.1 ± 8.0 pg). LTB4also increased significantly on the side of ehallenge. For the other prostanoids measured (PGF2, PGF2αTxB2, 6kPGF1α), no significant changes in either ipsilateral or contralateral secretions were observed after allergen challenge.ConclusionsOur study described the kinetics of PGD2and LTB4release as well as the contralaterai rele

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00552.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundHistamine plays an important role in producing nasal symptoms via histamine H1receptor (H1R) in allergic rhinitis. It is reported that the minimum histamine concentration that induces sneezing is lower in allergic patients than in normal control subjects. Previous studies by binding assay on H1R gave divided results on whether the number of H1Rs is increased in allergic rhinitis or not.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine if H1R mRNA expression is increased in patients with allergic rhinitis compared with normal healthy volunteers.MethodsWe extracted RNA from scrapings of inferior turbinate mucosa of 10 patients suft'ering from allergic rhinitis and 10 control subjects. As the H1R gene lacks introns. we treated RNA pellets by DNase to distinguish RNA from contaminating genomic DNA. Since amplification of H1R and β‐actin mRNA remained in an exponential phase at 35 cycles. H1R and β‐actin mRNAs were amplified for 35 cycles by reverse transcHption‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The PCR products were hybridized with internal probes and band intensities were quantitated by a densitometer.ResultsThe mean ± sd of H1R/β‐actin ratio was 0.88 ± 0.62 for the patients with allergic rhinitis and 0.29 ± 0.17 for the normal subjects; the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).ConclusionsThese data suggest that expression of H1R mRNA is increased in the nasal mucosa of the patients with al

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00553.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundInhalation of house dust mite (HDM) allergen may provoke attacks of asthma.ObjectiveWe investigated whether a double‐blind placebo‐controlled community‐based study aimed at reducing the HDM allergens in the bedrooms of HDM sensitive asthmatic children using the best methods available would prove beneficial to the children's health.MethodsThe children (mean age 9.9 years, 34 boys) were recruited by a questionnaire submitted to 7386 families in a geographically‐defined area of the UK. Subjects were chosen to take part in the double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial if they were asthmatic, skin sensitive to mites, and had mite allergen in their mattresses. Seventy children were randomly allocated to groups. In the active group, the children's bedrooms were treated with an acaricide (Acarosan) and the mattresses, pillows and duvets were encased in exclusion covers. The control group received placebo treatments.ResultsForty‐nine complete data sets were obtained. Applying bedding covers and Acarosan led to a median reduction of 480 ng (100%) in mite allergen on the mattress vs 215 ng (53%) reduction in placebo‐treated group by 6 weeks. No evidence was found that the acaricide reduced mite allergen level. A change in bronchial reactivity to histamine was observed in the children after 6 weeks. This was not associated with any change in thrice‐daily records of peak expiratory flow rate. By 24 weeks, the actively‐treated children had improved forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) and fewer required bronchodilator therapy or reported asthmatic symptoms than did the controls.ConclusionsThe results suggest that mite removal procedures may modestly improve mite‐sensitive asthmatics and could perhaps be of value in exceptionally mite‐sensitive and/or highly mite‐exposed individuals whose response to the attempted r

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00554.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundThe underlying mechanisms of elevated IgE level in atopic patients are still obscure, however, extensive efforts have been tried to identify an immunological parameter as a predictor of atopy.ObjectiveThis study compared the difference in cytokine production by cord blood mononuclear cells between new borns with high‐risk of allergy (family allergy score, FAS ± 3) and those with low‐risk (FAS = 0).MethodsFollowing stimulation with PHA(100 μg/mL) and PMA (1 ng/mL), the cytokines produced by cord blood CD4+T cells in the presence of monocytes were measured by ELISA kits and the mRNA was detected by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) technique.ResultsOur results showed: CD4+T cells in the presence of monocytes and isolated monocytes from the high‐risk group produced a much greater amount of IL‐6, either spontaneously or after stimulation, than did those of the low‐risk group; CD4+T cells of low‐risk group produced a significantly greater amount of interferon gamma (IFNγ) than did those from the high‐risk group; IL‐4 cannot be detected by ELISA kit, and only a trace amount of IL‐4 mRNA was detected by RT‐PCR technique; cord blood basophils stimulated with PHA and PMA could produce a significant amount of IL‐4; there was an inverse correlation between the production of IFNγ and cord blood IgE level (high‐risk group, r ‐ 0.647,n =17) and the number of natural killer (NK) cells (CD3−CD16+CD56+) was signiticantly lower in high‐risk group than for low‐risk group.ConclusionOur data suggested increased production of IL‐6 and decreased production of IFNγ of cord blood mononuclear cells appear to be the hallmark

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundThe rubber elongation factor inHevearubber (Hev b 1) is one of the most important latex allergen and is leading cause oflatex type 1 hypersensitivity in children with spina bifida.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to define the allergenic and antigenic epitopes of Hev b 1.MethodsThe immunoglobulin‐ (Ig)E and IgG antibody binding sites on Hev b 1 allergen were delineated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using synthetic overlapping peptides covering the whole Hev b 1 sequence. In order to improve the binding capacity and specificity all peptides were biotinylated at the N‐terminal end via a 6‐aminohexanoic acid as spacer and then adsorbed to streptavidin pre‐coated microtitre plates. Fine mapping to define the essential amino acid residues for the antibody binding was achieved by using overlapping peptides with one amino acid offset.ResultsIt was demonstrated that the IgE epitopes were located in different regions of Hev b 1 including the C‐terminal segment (121–137) and the segments with amino acid residues of 30–49 and 46–64. Two monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) II2F3 and II4G9 raised against purified Hev b 1 recognized the C‐terminal segment only. The results of epitope mapping with three rabbit antisera revealed that five positive peptides, including the epitope peptides 31–49, 46–64 and 121–137, were involved in the antibody‐binding sites. Eine mapping on the segments 46–64 and 121–137 showed that the two MoAbs reacted with the peptide 125–134 in the C‐terminal region, whereas the peptide with amino acids 124–134 was essential for recognition by human IgE antibodies. Epitopes to rabbit polyclonal IgG and human IgE were also found to be involved in the amino acid residues of 47–59.ConclusionOur results indicate that the most allergenic/antigenic portions of Hev b 1 allergen are the C‐terminal region and the region with amino acid residues of 31–64. In both regions, the minimal IgE‐binding epitope is al

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate crossreactivity between latex and foods, to identify crossreacting IgE binding proteins, and to assess the clinical significance.MethodsForty‐seven latex allergic patients and 46 non‐latex allergic patient controls were studied. Allergen sensitization was determined by skin‐prick testing (SPT) and allergenic proteins were identified by immunoblot reactivity and amino acid sequence analysis.ResultsImmunological reactivity to foods was found to be common, occurring in 33 latex‐allergic individuals but in only seven controls (P<0.000001); 100 of 376 (27%) food skin‐prick tests were positive in the latex‐allergic subjects. Twenty‐seven out of 100 positive food SPTs were associated with chnical symptoms. Seventeen patients manifested a clinical allergy to at least one food including 11 with anaphylaxis, and 14 with local sensitivity reactions. Positive food skin tests occurred most frequently with avocado (53%), potato (40%), banana (38%), tomato (28%), chestnut (28%), and kiwi (17%). Latex‐allergic patients (23%) recognize a protein that had sequence homology to a broad class of plant proteins known as patatins. Crossreactivity between latex and several potato proteins was observed by immunoblot inhibition analysis.ConclusionsSensitization to latex has extensive crossreactivity with certain foods and leads to clinical allergic reactions. Potatoes and tomatoes are newly reported cross‐reacting foods. Plant proteins with structural homology to latex proteins may predispos

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00557.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundThere have been very few reports of occupationai allergies caused by inhalation of buckwheat flour. In this paper, we present a case of occupational asthma and rhinitis caused by buckwheat flour inhalation.Methods and resultsThe patient had strong positive responses to grass and ragweed poiiens as well. The bronchoprovocation test showed early asthmatic response to buckwheat flour extracts. Serum specific IgE antibody to buckwheat flour was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In order to further identify the allergenic component of the extracts, sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) and electroblotting studies were performed. Eight IgE binding components (9–55 kDa) were detected within the buckwheat flour extracts.ConclusionThese results suggest that inhalation of buckwheat flour can caused IgE mediated bronchoconst

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00558.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundA number of wheat and barley flour proteins that belong to the cereal α‐amylase/trypsin inhibitor family have been identified as major allergens associated with baker's asthma. However, the allergenic role of this protein family had not been investigated in rye.ObjectiveTo study the allergenicity of flve purified proteins from rye flour which belong to the same inhibitor family, as well as to compare their properties with those of their wheat and barley homologues.MethodsIn vivoskin‐prick tests were carried out in 21 patients with radioallergo‐sorbent test (RAST) 2–3 to rye and allergic sensitization mainly to this cereal flour. In addition, sera from all these patients were used to assay the IgE binding capacity of dot blotted purified proteins.ResultsThree of the rye proteins tested, namely Sec c 1, RDAI‐1 and RDAI‐3, provoked positive skin‐prick tests in more than 50% of patients, although theirin vitroreactivity was lower. Different reactivities were found for the rye components compared with their wheat and barley homologues. Statistical analyses showed a significant correlation between the results ofin vivoandin vitrotests for seven out of the nine purified proteins considered in this study.ConclusionMembers of the rye α‐amylase inhibitor family are main allergens involved in allergic reactions to cereal flours. However, different allergenic behaviours were found between homologous allergens from rye,

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00559.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY