ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02379.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryExperimental animal studies indicate that under normal steady‐state conditions, initial encounters with non‐pathogenic antigens (i.e. inert proteins, such as pollens) do not trigger immune responses, but instead activate antigen‐specific suppressor T cells which protect against subsequent allergic sensitization by inducing a state of immunological tolerance towards the inhaled antigen. This inhalation tolerance phenomenon appears analogous to the more familiar process of oral tolerance in the gastrointestinal tract, and is proposed to serve as the ‘last line of defence’ against sensitization to aero‐allergens which have evaded other levels of containment in the respiratory tract. It is postulated that this tolerance process plays a similar protective role in man, as the final component of a multi‐layer defence system centering upon the respiratory epithelium. Recent findings which indicate that both oral and inhalation tolerance mechanisms are relatively slow to develop postnatally, provides a possible basis for the increased risk of allergic sensitization recogniz

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02380.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02381.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAlleged food‐additive intolerance (respiratory, dermatological, behavioural or abdominal) was assessed in 19 children using daily challenge drinks of either, base product alone, base product plus sunset yellow/tartrazine, or base product plus sodium metabisulphite/sodium benzoate. The same type of drink was given for 12 days, double‐blind and in random order. During the trial the children were maintained on an additive‐free diet under supervision. Diary cards were used to record symptoms and medication usage. If there was an apparent association between symptoms and drink ingredient the trial was repeated, again double‐blind. Additive intolerance was confirmed by a consistent deterioration of symptoms in only three children. In one, urticaria was induced by the colourings, in another extremely abnormal behaviour was induced by the preservatives and a third child was only free of asthma and abdominal pain on placebo. This form of individual trial, using 12 daily drinks, overcomes some of the objections to a single challenge study. Despite this, intolerance to the additives was only confirmed in 3/19 children in whom it had been believed t

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02382.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA study was made to determine whether natural allergenic exposure modulates exercise‐induced asthma. Eighteen asthmatic men, ten non‐allergic and eight allergic to birch pollen, underwent heart rate‐monitored outdoor exercise tests during both the cold winter season and in the spring, the birch pollen season. The mean fall in FEV1after the outdoor exercise test increased in the allergic group from 17.3% in the winter to 27.6% in the spring, while it decreased in the non‐allergic group from 31.6% to 22.4% respectively (P<0.01). Initial FEV1and FCV values remained unchanged in both groups. The non‐specific airway responsiveness to histamine did not change significantly in birch pollen allergic or non‐allergic subjects during the spring, when compared with the winter values. We conclude that the exercise‐induced asthma is aggravated in the birch pollen allergic asthmatics during the pollen season, when compared to the non‐birch pollen allergic asthmatics, in whom the exercise‐induced bronchoconstriction is attenuated as expected, because of the warmer and more humid weat

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02383.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAllergic reactions toIxodes holocyclusare well recognized but poorly defined. Tick‐bite reactions in 42 individuals in this study fell into six classes. Skin‐prick tests and radioimmunoassay (RIA) indicated that all systemic hypersensitivity (class 3) and atypical reactions (class 4) were IgE‐mediated. Some 73% of the large local reactions (class 2) and only 12.5% of the small local reactions (class 1) were associated with IgE specific for tick allergens. Subjects who reported heavy exposure to tick‐bite were more likely to have positive RIA values (P<0.05). There was an association between the individual's atopic status and tick allergy (

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02384.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryNedocromil sodium is a new chemical entity which shows similar properties to sodium cromoglycate (SCG) and in addition exhibits a preferential activity in stabilizing mucosal mast cells. We have compared the effect of inhalation of nebulized placebo, SCG and nedocromil sodium on the bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in eight atopic asthmatic subjects aged 25 yr (range 21–32 yr). The geometric mean provocation doses of AMP required to produce a 20% decrease in FEV1(PD20FEV1) and a 40% decrease in V˙max30(PD40V˙max30) following placebo were 4.9 (0.3–14.2) and 1.8 (0.1–8.4) μmol respectively. Prior inhalation of both SCG and nedocromil sodium significantly inhibited the bronchoconstrictor response to AMP with PD20FEV1s of 36.6 (4.0–132.7) and 134 (12.4–560), and PD40V˙max30values of 20.5 (1.4–110) and 101.6 (5–560) μmol respectively (P<0.001). Nedocromil sodium was 3.9 (FEV1) and 8.0 (Vmax30) times more potent than SCG (P<0.001). In conclusion, both drugs inhibit the bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled AMP, and nedocromil is at least 4–8 times

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02385.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn a selected group of rhinitis patients (n= 12) with an IgE‐mediated allergy to house dust mites, the nasal response to insufflation of histamine chloride appeared to be related to symptom scores obtained from the patients. In contrast to the sum of the nasal airway resistances (NAR) induced by all doses of histamine, the total amount of secretion and total number of sneezes could be predicted from clinical scores. The reproducibility of the nasal provocation test was tested by comparison of the test results in two sessions with a 1‐week interval. The correlation between both sessions was highest with respect to nasal secretion (r=0.87;P<0.001) and the number of sneezes (r=0.76;P=0.004). The correlation coefficient was 0.71 (P=0.01) when the nasal airway resistance was used in the assessment of nasal response. A good reproducibility of the nasal provocation test was also obtained using an end‐point titration method and determining the concentration required to produce 0.5 ml secretion and/or five sneezes as the end‐point (r=0.76;P=0.004). The concentration required to double nasal airway resistance yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.56 (P=0.052). We conclude that the clinical significance of nasal provocation with histamine increases when, besides nasal airway resistance, the amount of secretion and the number of sneezes is used in the assessment of the nasal response. Moreover, the reproducibility is better with respect to these symptoms than to nasal airway resistance. With respect to a better reproducibility, the use of a summed nasal airway resistance is preferable above the end‐point concentration required for a 100% NAR

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02386.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTo examine the relationship between bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and respiratory symptoms associated with asthma, we studied a sample of 380 schoolchildren on three occasions at 2‐yr intervals. The age of the children at the first study was 8–10 yr. Respiratory symptoms history was assessed by questionnaire, BHR was measured by a histamine inhalation test and atopy was assessed by skin‐prick tests to 13 allergens. The cumulative prevalence of BHR in this sample was 27%. The severity of BHR was categorized as severe, moderate, mild or slight. The distribution of severe, moderate and mild BHR was similar at each of the studies. At the third study, when the children were aged 12–14 yr, the prevalence of slight BHR decreased. Children with severe or moderate BHR at age 8–10 yr were atopic, reported current symptoms during the 4 yr of the study and had a high prevalence of severe or moderate BHR in later studies. In this group, 87% of children had current respiratory symptoms and 73% were using asthma medication at age 12–14 yr. In children with mild or slight BHR when first studied, the prevalence of atopy, continuing respiratory symptoms and medication use was much lower. We conclude that severe or moderate BHR is an important risk factor for ongoing morbidity and that comparisons of the prevalence of this severity of BHR in populations may be more informative than comparisons of BHR defined by prese

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02387.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIgE antibodies to the antiseptic agent chlorhexidine have recently been detected in the majority of sera from a small group of predominantly Japanese individuals showing anaphylactic‐type adverse reactions towards chlorhexidine. In this study the prevalence of IgE and IgG antibodies with specificity for chlorhexidine was investigated in groups of Japanese and British individuals. The RAST data, using a better defined semi‐chlorhexidine‐HSA antigen than previously employed, revealed that chlorhexidine‐specific IgE was only detected in Japanese individuals who had experienced anaphylactic‐type reactions and was not detected in groups of Japanese nurses and patients, or in groups of British nurses and hospital staff, all in regular contact with chlorhexidine. A group of British blood donors was also negative. In contrast, IgG antibodies were detected not only in sera from chlorhexidine‐sensitive Japanese patients, but also in several sera from Japanese nurses, non‐sensitive Japanese patients and several British individuals. The possible reasons for these observations

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02388.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY