ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1977.tb01444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe numbers of eosinophils recruited locally to abraded human skin were measured in eight atopic and eight non‐atopic volunteers, at time intervals over 24 hr, following the application of an ECF‐A tetrapeptide (Val‐Gly‐Ser‐Glu) or histamine. In all subjects the higher doses of the peptide (10‐4and 10‐6mol/1) or histamine (10‐3and 10‐5mol/1) produced significantly greater counts than the Tyrode's diluent alone. The counts produced with the lowest dose of peptide (10‐8mol/1) or histamine (10‐7mol/1) were not significantly different from the control. The peptide or histamine evoked a greater local eosinophilia in the atopics than the non‐atopics. This effect was probably independent of the peripheral blood eosinophil counts since at the time of study the numbers of circulating eosinophils between the two groups were not significantly different. In the atopics, histamine in doses of 10‐3and 10‐5mol/1 were required to give the same eosinophil response as that obtained with 10‐4and 10‐6mol/1 of the peptide, respectively.It is suggested that the relative paucity of eosinophils recruited by locally applied ECF‐A peptide or histamine, when compared to antigen‐induced eosinophilia, is due either to an inability to mimic the events associated with the release of these mediators from mast‐cells or the involv

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1977.tb01445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryUsing the micropore filter technique of Boyden, the eosinophil chemotactic responses to an ECF‐A tetrapeptide (Val‐Gly‐Ser‐Glu) and histamine were studied in thirty‐two patients with a peripheral blood eosinophilia. The eosinophilia was associated with extrinsic asthma (twelve patients), neoplasia (seven), helminth disease (five) and a miscellaneous group (eight) which included three patients with pulmonary eosinophilia, one of whom also had asthma. Both the tetrapeptide and histamine gave two types of dose–response. With Val‐Gly‐Ser‐Glu this was either a single peak at 10‐8, or two peaks at 10‐4and 10‐7mol/1, respectively. Histamine gave either a linear dose–response with maximal chemotaxis at the highest concentration or a peak response at 10‐5mol/1 with inhibition at higher doses. The two types of response given by the peptide were not related to the disease state and were reproducible when tested on more than one occasion. However, with histamine, linear dose–responses were observed in ten out of twelve patients with asthma, four out of five with helminth disease and two of the three with pulmonary eosinophilia. This was also reproducible when tested on subsequent occasions. Therefore, in these diseases, which are known to be associated with exogenous antigens and raised IgE levels, eosinophils from 80% of the patients studied (sixteen out of twenty) gave a linear rather than a ‘bell‐shaped’ response to histamine. In contrast, only four of twelve patients(33%) with eosinophilia in association with other diseases (which included seven with neoplasia) gave this type of response. If this observation can be confirmed with larger numbers of patients it may be useful diagnosticall

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1977.tb01446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn two cases of baker's asthma pulmonary hypersensitivity was found to the fungiAlternariaandAspergillus.Provocative bronchial challenge revealed a dual response; an immediate and an Arthus type hypersensitivity toAspergillusin the first case. A primary binding assay revealed high titres of anti‐Aspergillusantibody in the serum. In the second case intradermal and bronchial challenge suggested an immediate type I hypersensitivity response toAlternaria.The suspected organisms were present in the room air of the bakeries. It is suggested that an immunological response to these airborne fungi may have contributed to the pathogenesis of baker's asthm

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1977.tb01447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn easy and safe dose‐response histamine‐inhalation test is described, to measure the level of non‐specific bronchial reactivity.The test was performed in 307 subjects. Non‐specific bronchial reactivity was increased in 3% of presumed normal subjects, in 100% of active asthmatics and in 69% of asymptomatic asthmatics with previous symptoms only at times of exposure to clinically relevant allergens. It was also increased in 47% of patients with cough and no other chest symptoms, in 40% of patients with rhinitis and vague chest symptoms not by themselves diagnostic of asthma, and in 22% of patients with rhinitis and no chest symptoms.The patients with asthma were studied when their asthma was well controlled and when their minimum drug requirements had been established. The mean level of bronchial reactivity increased with increasing minimum drug requirements. The level of bronchial reactivity also showed a strong negative correlation with the forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1). Atopic subjects, with or without asthma, showed a significant positive correlation between the level of bronchial reactivity and atopic status as indicated by the number of positive allergy ski

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1977.tb01448.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn a group of twenty‐three atopic patients skin tests were performed with the dander allergens of horse, cat and guinea‐pig, and with house dust and Timothy pollen allergens. A good agreement was observed between positive skin reactions and the results of RAST with these various allergens. In a number of cases, positive skin reactions were not related to the clinical histories. Likewise, positive RAST scores in several instances proved clinically meaningless. In patients with history‐related skin reactions better correlation with RAST was observed. In such patients, skin reactions with photo‐inactivated allergens remained strongly p

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1977.tb01449.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA Wright peak flow meter was used with a special mask for evaluating nasal blockage in a clinical drug study. The effect of beclomethasone dipropionate inhaled nasally was studied with PEFRn measurements twice a day in twenty‐seven hospital patients with perennial rhinitis. Thirteen patients also had asthma. A statistically significant improvement in PEFRn values during the first 5 days of the active drug period was noted in both the rhinitis and rhinitis‐asthma groups.In the rhinitis‐asthma group the nasal blockage index, as calculated from the oral PEFR and PEFRn values, improved significantly during the second period of medication. Patients with rhinitis were found to have a tendency to fluctuating blockage according to the time of the day, the morning generally being poorer than the evening values. The fluctuation partially disappeared at the end of the period of active treatment, which also had a favourable effect on the bronchial obstruction of asthma patients when inhaled nasally, perhaps due to improved nasal respitatory function. The measurement of PEFRn values is, the authors believe, a useful method for measuring changes in nasal blockage of patients with rhinitis and asthma because of its simplicity and rap

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1977.tb01450.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe changes in peroxidase of the granules of eosinophils were examined in cells in the nasal mucous membranes of persons allergic to house dust.There was a slight leakage of peroxidase from eosinophil granules immediately after placing an antigen‐treated disc (house dust, Torii, 2560 μg/disc) on the nasal mucous membrane.Leakage of peroxidase from the eosinophil granules into the cytoplasm, and extracellular release from some eosinophils, was greater 20 min after provocation, than at 30 sec.There were two forms of peroxidase release from the plasma membrane. In one, the granule membrane fused with the plasma membrane and the peroxidase was released from the cell through destruction of the two fused membranes. This was considered to be active secretion. In the other form, the plasma membrane was damaged by peroxidase released from the granules into the cytoplasm. This was considered to be passive release following degeneration of the ce

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1977.tb01451.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA method for determining the amount of total IgE bound to leucocytes has been devised by measuring that released on incubating various cell number dilutions in acetate buffer pH 4.0. A linear relationship between IgE released and cell number was obtained over a limited concentration range. The method seemed to work satisfactorily with 50 ml of whole blood for those subjects with very high serum levels of total IgE. However, with subjects having a slightly elevated or normal serum IgE level it may be necessary to use twice the amount of blood.

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1977.tb01452.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe serum from 75% of the patients with cystic fibrosis (C.F.) who had a positive prick test in their skin to at least one or more antigens, together with elevated concentrations of total serum IgE, also gave strong immediate PCA reactions in the baboon skin toAspergillus fumigatus, bovine serum albumin and egg albumin. Of the C.F. patients, 37% also had elevated serum specific IgE toA. fumigatuswhereas only 8–10% had either raised specific IgE or PCA reaction toDermatophagoides pteronyssinus.Abolition of the PCA activity by incubating the C.F. sera or sputum at 56°C suggested that the reaginic antibody was IgE rather than IgG4. PCA reactions to a number of allergens could be detected in both the C.F. sputum and saliva.Several of the C.F. heterozygotes had a strongly positive history of allergy and a significant number of these heterozygotes had an elevated serum total IgE as well as positive PCA to Timothy grass pollen or toD. pteronyssinussimilar to the patients with asthma or hay fever. Three C.F. patients who died gave strong prick test reactions to several allergens and their sera also had raised serum IgE and positive PCA to at least three different allergens, suggesting that immediate hypersensitivity is of some significance in patients with C

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1977.tb01453.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY