ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1987.tb02044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPatients undergoing chronic haemodialysis are often exposed to formaldehyde, formaldehyde (F) has been reported to cause IgE‐mediated anaphylactic shock. Many other patients reported pruritus or anaphylaxis‐like symptoms when dialysed with F‐sterilized dialysers. Ten patients presenting such symptoms were compared with five control subjects. Intravenous double‐blind challenges were performed on six consecutive occasions, with capillary flow dialysers sterilized with or without F. Dialysis was performed by an investigator who was not aware of the sterilization procedure. Among the ten F‐sensitive patients, five had symptoms with F‐sterilized dialysers and no symptoms with new dialysers, sterilized by ethylene oxide and free of F. Symptoms included pruritus and hypotension. These five patients were subsequently dialysed with new dialysers, not sterilized with F, and symptoms subsided. The five other patients had inconclusive challenges. The five control subjects had no symptoms during challenges. Skin‐prick tests with F showed that only one of the five patients who had symptoms with F‐dialysers had a strongly positive prick test. RAST to F was titrated with HSA‐discs but it was negative in all patients and control subjects. Formaldehyde was shown to cause symptoms in some patients under chronic haemodialysis but an IgE‐mediated mechanism w

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1987.tb02045.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryForty patients with a well‐documented history of seasonal hay fever and a positive skin‐prick test specific to grass pollen, including Bermuda grass and maize pollen (Zea maize), were allocated randomly on a double‐blind basis to receive either an oral mixed grass–maize pollen extract or a matched placebo during the 1981/1982 grass pollen season. After 12 months the code was broken and patients on placebo were transferred to active therapy while patients on active therapy continued with maintenance therapy for another 12 months during the 1982/1983 grass pollen season. The assessment of the effect of the orally administered grass–maize pollen extract was on the clinical symptoms. During the first year the patients on active therapy had significantly fewer hay fever symptoms during the summer months compared with the placebo group. During the second study year, with all patients on active therapy, both groups had markedly milder symptoms compared with the placebo group. Side–effects were negligible. This study concludes that oral immunotherapy with grass‐maize pollen extract in grass pollen‐sensitive seasonal hay fever patients is saf

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1987.tb02046.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis study describes the case of a patient who developed symptoms of rhinoconjunctivitis on exposure to budgerigars and parrots. An IgE‐mediated allergy to budgerigar, parrot and pigeon antigens was demonstrated using bothin‐vivochallenge tests (skin and nasal provocation tests) andin‐vitroinvestigations (radio‐allergo‐sorbent test, histamine release test). The study shows that the development of nasal disease can be associated with allergy to avian

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1987.tb02047.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe protective effect of 1,2 and 4 mg of nedocromil sodium against airway constriction induced by hyperventilation of cold, dry air was compared with 10 mg sodium cromoglycate and placebo in a double‐blind randomized trial. On 5 days, twelve asthmatic subjects received one of the trial medications from a metered dose inhaler. Twenty minutes, 2.5 and 5 hr later, airway responsiveness to hyperventilation of cold, dry air was measured. At 20 min, there was significant protection by all four active medications when compared to placebo, with a trend towards a nedocromil dose relationship but there was no statistical difference between the four active medications. All four showed a similar progressive decrease in protection over 5 hr. The results of this study suggest that nedocromil gives protection against hyperventilation‐stimulated airway constriction and that the magnitude and duration of effect for all three doses is similar to 10 mg of cromoglyc

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1987.tb02048.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryNasal challenges with pollen grains are as close as possible to natural pollen exposure, but they are not well documented in grass pollen allergy. Forty‐four grass pollen allergic patients and ten non‐allergic volunteers were tested by means of nasal challenge, quantitative skin‐prick tests with a standardized orchard grass pollen extract and serum‐specific IgE. Nasal challenges were performed with lactose and increasing concentrations of orchard grass pollen grains (15–3645 grains, three‐fold increase). The test was considered to be positive when a symptom score over 5 was obtained, since this score had been previously correlated with the release of PGD2in nasal secretions. All control subjects and 3/44 patients had a negative challenge. The number of orchard pollen grains required to elicit a positive challenge was 332 ± 440 (range: 15–1215 grains) and the distribution was Gaussian. This number is higher than expected according to pollen calendars performed during the season, but owing to the priming effect of the nasal mucosa by allergens it is compatible to natural exposure. The correlation between nasal provocation tests and skin‐prick test end‐points was significant (P<0.005, Spearman rank test). Conversely there was no correlation between nasal challenge or skin‐prick test end‐point

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1987.tb02049.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA method for biological equilibration (BE) of allergen reference preparations using the skin‐prick test (SPT) method and histamine HCl 10 mg/ml as reference substance (reference method), was evaluated. The precision was low for weals less than 10 mm2. The slope (log weal area/log concentration) of allergen and histamine did not vary significantly between investigators and allergens. The median slopes were 0.39 (n= 384) and 0.34 (n= 397), for allergen and histamine, respectively (P<0.01). The concentration of allergen eliciting a weal of the same size as that of histamine HCl 1 mg/ml (Chl) in the median sensitive patient, 1000 Biological Units/ml (BU/ml), did not vary significantly between clinics/geographical regions (grasses, mites and moulds). As BE is repeatable between regions. BUs estimated by this method are generally valid. A high correlation (r= 0.91,P<0.001) was found between the median Chlas estimated with histamine 1 and 10 mg/ml as reference substance, respectively. Thus, this reference method for BE is valid. The precision of the SPT method with histamine HCl 1 mg/ml is not as good as with 10 mg/ml, which is therefore recommended as the reference concentratio

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1987.tb02050.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThirty‐nine children with birch pollinosis were given immunotherapy (IT) for 3 years with a purified, characterized and biologically standardized pollen preparation made from either birch or a mixture of birch, alder and hazel. Levels of IgE antibodies against birch, alder and oak increased early during IT (P<0.01) and then decreased below the initial level (P<0.01). Birch‐specific IgG antibodies also increased (P<0.01) but not as rapidly as birch‐specific IgE antibodies and the levels remained increased throughout IT. There were only weak correlations between immunochemical findings before IT or during early IT on one hand and the improvement during IT on the other hand. The ratio birch‐specific IgG: IgE after 1.5 and 2.5 years of IT correlated with symptom scores the following season (P<0.01). In 60% of the children below 13 years of age, new IgE specificities developed during IT as demonstrated with crossed radio‐immunoelectrophoresis. No such new IgE specificities were found in older children. These ‘new sensitivities’ did not appear to have any clinica

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1987.tb02051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn a selected group of rhinitis patients with an IgE‐mediated allergy to house dust mites the nasal response to insufflation of histamine chloride, methacholine and phentolamine was demonstrated to be higher than in a control group. With the methods used histamine chloride was better at discriminating between healthy subjects and patients than methacholine or phentolamine. This discrimination was shown by assessing the severity of reflex‐mediated symptoms such as the number of sneezes and the amount of secretion, and not by differences in nasal airway resista

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1987.tb02052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA group of eighty‐six children followed from birth to 4 years of age and previously reported was now re‐investigated at the age of 7 years. The prevalence of atopy/allergy was 15%. All of the children with current atopy/allergy had had previous manifestations during their first 4 years of life. No child was allergic to milk at the age of 7 years and only two of the six children with a previous allergy to eggs retained their allergy. No other children had developed allergies to milk or eggs. Only one of the eight children with an elevated level of IgE antibodies to egg white (RAST class I or more) during infancy still had increased concentrations of such antibodies. No child had developed an elevated level of IgE antibodies to egg white or milk after the first year of life. Clinical allergies to inhalants had increased from 1% at 4 years of age to 7% at 7 years. Children with elevated levels of IgE antibodies to inhalants had increased from 7% at 4 years of age to 10% at 7 years. The majority of them had had increased levels of IgE antibodies to egg white during infancy. The specificity of an elevated level of cord blood IgE, i.e. above 0.9 kU/1 for predicting atopy/allergy during the first 7 years of life and for current atopy/allergy at 7 years of age were both 95%. The corresponding figures for presence of elevated levels of IgE antibodies to egg white (positive RAST) during infancy were 98 and 97%, respectively. The sensitivity of the cord blood IgE predictor was 14 and 17%. respectively and for a positive RAST to egg white during infancy 32 and 50%, respectiv

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1987.tb02053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY