ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA randomized double‐blind parallel study with 20 healthy volunteers was performed to research the effect of a preservative in a decongestant nasal spray on the development of rhinitis medicamentosa. Ten subjects received oxymetazoline nasal spray with benzalkonium chloride and the others used oxymetazoline nasal spray without the preservative three times daily for 30 days. Before starting the course of treatment and after its conclusion, recordings of the mucosal surface positions were made with rhinostereometry followed by histamine challenge tests. Symptoms of nasal stuffiness were estimated on visual analogue scales (0–100) in the morning and the evening just before using the nasal spray. After 30 days, rebound swelling and nasal stuffiness were found in both groups. In the group receiving oxymetazoline nasal spray with benzalkonium chloride the mean rebound swelling was 1.1 mm and the estimated mean evening symptom score for nasal stuffiness was 43. In the group without benzalkonium chloride the corresponding variables were significantly less marked, with a mean rebound swelling of 0.5 mm (P<0.05) and a mean evening symptom score of 25 (P<0.05). The increase in histamine sensitivity in both groups was interpreted as a sign of nasal hyperreactivity. A new type of nasal spray bottle was used that has been shown to prevent bacterial contamination. In conclusion, the long‐term use of benzalkonium chloride in oxymetazoline nasal spray accentuates the severity of rhinitis medicamentosa in healthy volun

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTwenty healthy volunteers participated in the present study on the long‐term effects of a nasal decongestive spray composed of either a combination of oxymetazoline nasal spray and benzalkonium chloride or of oxymetazoline nasal spray alone. Three months before the present study the participants had undergone treatment with nasal decongestants for 4 weeks. Ten of the subjects had been treated with oxymetazoline nasal spray without bezalkonium chloride and 10 of them had been treated with oxymetazoline nasal spray with benzalkonium chloride. In a double‐blind study the subjects who had been treated with oxymetazoline nasal spray and benzalkonium chloride were again treated with the same combination of substances as before, and the subjects who had been treated with oxymetazoline nasal spray alone were also treated again with oxymetazoline nasal spray alone, but on this occasion only for 10 days. Three variables were studied before and after the 10 days of treatment, i.e. nasal mucosa congestion, nasal reactivity and symptom scores. It was found that only the subjects who were treated with the combination of oxymetazoline nasal spray and benzalkonium chloride had increased nasal stuffiness, estimated by symptom scores and measurements of nasal mucosa swelling after 10 days of treatment. It is concluded that a nasal decongestant spray composed of a combination of vasoactive substance and benzalkonium chloride has a long‐term adverse effect on the nasal m

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAllergic mucosal inflammation is characterized by tissue infiltration with eosinophils, and associated activation of mast cells and T lymphocytes. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha/cachectin is a candidate cytokine relevant to the pathogenesis of these events through its capacity to upregulate the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules, mediate granulocyte chemoattraction, and activate eosinophils, mast cells and T cells. To investigate the presence and localization of TNF α in the nasal mucosa in allergic rhinitis, nasal biopsies from perennial rhinitic (n=13) and non‐rhinitic volunteers (n=11) were embedded in glycol methacrylate and immunostained with a monoclonal antibody directed against TNF α, and adjacent 2μm sections stained for tryptase, CD3 and eosinophil cationic protein. This identified positive immunostaining for TNF α in the submucosa of both the rhinitic and normal subjects (median cell counts 13 and 23 cells/mm2respectively,P=0.24) with cellular localization to mast cells but not to T‐lymphocytes or eosinophils. In a subsequent study of seven atopic subjects, nasal allergen challenge produced increases in lavage levels of histamine and albumin, which was associated with significant release of TNF α as early as 2 min post‐allergen when compared with the saline control day (P=0.5). This difference was also apparent when studying the area under the curve both at 30 and 60 min post‐challenget‐test (P=0.015 and 0.02 respectively). These findings which both locate immunoreactive TNF α to nasal mast cells and identify its release followingin vivoexposure to allergen, provide evidence for mast cells as an important source of this cytokine in patients with al

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe house dust mite allergen Der p 7, which was defined by cDNA cloning, has been shown to react with about 50% of allergic sera and corresponds to or is antigenically related to at least three different sized components in mite extracts. To characterize these entities, monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) were generated by immunizing BALB/c mice affinity‐purified Der p 7‐GST (glutathione S‐transferase) fusion protein. MoAbs WH9 and WH22 showed positive reactivity to recombinant Der p 7 negative reactivity to GST and the Der p 5‐GST fusion protein in ELISA and immunoblotting. The specificity of both MoAbs was confirmed by inhibition of the ELISA activity by recombinant Der p 7 but not by the recombinant Der p 5. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that both MoAbs showed reactivities to components with molecular weights (mol. wt.) of 31, 30 and 26kDa reactive to both MoAbs. At least six major forms with different pI or size were indicated by 2‐D gel analysis. In addition to characterization of Der p 7, both MoAbs may also be considered for use in the standardization of Der p 7 in mite

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01072.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAs a part of a worldwide investigation on the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, we have performed a study on the relationship between the indoor environment and asthma‐like symptoms in the population of a central Swedish municipality. The study comprised 88 individuals, aged 20–45 years who underwent a structured interview, spirometry, a methacholine provocation test, skin‐prick tests and blood samples for measurements of serum concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (S‐ECP), blood eosinophil count and total immunoglobulin E (S‐IgE). In the homes, the room temperature, air humidity, respirable dust, house dust mites (HDM) and airborne micro‐organisms were measured. The relative humidity in all the homes was found to be above 33%. HDM were found in 13% of homes. In the homes of the 47 subjects with asthma related symptoms, significantly higher total levels of bacteria and mould (P<0.05) and a higher proportion of detected HDM (OR = 5.3) was found than in subjects with no asthma related symptoms, after adjustment for age, sex, smoking, indoor temperature and air humidity. HDM were found to be an independent risk factor for asthma related symptoms (OR = 7.9) and nocturnal breathlessness (OR = 6.2) (P<0.05), while the total level of bacteria was a risk factor for asthma related symptoms and wheezing (P<0.05). We conclude that although HDM is relatively infrequently found in the homes of central‐Sweden, the presence of HDM is related to asthmatic symptoms. A relation between levels of airborne bacteria and asthma related symptoms w

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01073.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPolyfunctional aziridine (PFA) is increasingly used as a water‐based crosslinker in two‐component paints, paint primers, lacquers, topcoats and other protective coatings. The crosslinker is made by reacting multifunctional acrylic monomer with a highly reactive aziridine compound. Respiratory allergy or hypersensitivity from PFA has not been reported previously. During 1978–1991 we came across nine cases with hypersensitivity from PFA: two had allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), four had occupational asthma and three had both of them. Five of the patients were parquet layers, two were fibre‐board painters, one was a spray painter and one was a salesman of PFA products, ACD was diagnosed by positive allergic patch test reactions with PFA in a dilution series in petrolatum: 0.32%‐0.5% gave a 2+‐3+ allergic reaction in the five cases with ACD but 0.1% gave only a weak reaction in one case, whereas the methacrylale patch test series was negative. The diagnosis of seven cases of occupational asthma due to PFA hardener was based on symptoms related to exposure to PFA hardener at work, and on positive provocation tests with PFA hardener. One had an immediate type reaction, one a dual reaction, and the others had late reactions. The positive reactions with the PFA hardener and the negative reactions with the acrylate compounds indicate that PFA caused ACD which is different from the previous reports in which acrylates present as impurities in the PFA hardener caused the sensitization. Patch testing with 0.5% PFA hardener should be performed in patients with contact dermatitis if exposure to PFA has occurred. PFA hardener may also cause occupational asthma. The cause‐effect relationship can be verified with chamber challenge tests. The mechanism of the asthmatic reaction is obscure as with many other low molecular weight chemicals. The exposure to PFA hardener should be minimized at the workplaces to prevent sensitization. Careful protection of both the skin and the respiratory tract

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01074.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAlthough human sensitization to basidiomyceteGanodermahas been reported in New Zealand. North America and Europe, hypersensitivity due to this fungi is not known in India, in spite of its prevalence in the atmosphere. We have studied the atmospheric concentration ofGanodermain different localities within Delhi and the sensitization level to this fungi amongst the Indian population. Aerobiological sampling, using a Burkard personal slide sampler, was carried out in Delhi for 2 consecutive years (October 1989 September 1991). The sampler was operated at 10 day regular intervals for 10min to trap the spores. The peak season forGanodermais recorded from July to September with highest average monthly catch of 336 spores/m3in September 1991 from south Delhi. Antigenic extracts were prepared from both, the spores and whole body ofGanoderma lucidum. The results of intradermal skin tests conducted on 172 patients revealed that 28.48% and 17.44% of patients showed marked skin reactivity to spore and whole body extracts, respectively. A significant correlation (r= 0.963,P<0.01) was found between intradermal and skin‐prick tests. More than 80% of the intradermal test positive patients had significantly (P<0.01) elevated IgE antibodies to the fungi in question. Thus, sensitization toGanoderma lucidumhas been reported for the first time in the atopic population of Indi

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01075.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe ability of four drugs with anti‐allergic action to modulate the uptake of bystander protein, lactulose/rhamnose permeability ratios and mast cell activation was studied in rats presensitized with egg albumin in alum and challenged intraduodenally with the same antigen. Beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and nedocromil both significantly reduced the uptake of the bystander protein, bovine serum albumin (P0.02 respectively). BDP also significantly reduced sugar permeability (P<0.1). In animals with elevated lactulose/rhamnose permeability ratios we confirmed our earlier observation of a significant correlation between levels of the specific mucosal mast cell protease Rat Chymase II (RChyII‐previously known as RMCPII) and the sugar ratios. None of the drugs had any influence on the levels of mast cell protease II released following challenge and there was no correlation between the histological light microscopic appearance of the mast cells and the experimental treatment administered. Our results suggest that in the gut the pharmacological effect of anti‐allergic drugs may be complex. Some, such as nedocromil, appear to act only on the mechanisms underlying increased protein uptake whereas others, such as BDP, appear to abrogate both increased protein uptake and increased sugar permeab

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb01076.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY