ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00256.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00257.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe relation of house dust mite allergen levels to asthma and allergy was examined in two population samples of children aged 8–11 years in northern New South Wales. We studied 805 children in Lismore (a hot, humid, coastal region) and 770 in Moree/ Narrabri (a hot, dry inland region). Respiratory symptoms were measured by questionnaire, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) by histamine inhalation test, and allergy by skin‐prick tests. Current asthma was defined as the presence of both wheeze in last 12 months and BHR.Der pI levels were measured in dust from the bed and floors in the homes of 57 randomly selected children in the coastal region and of 74 inland children.Der pI levels were significantly higher by the coast (83.0vs11.2 μg/g,P<0.001). House dust mite sensitivity was of similar prevalence in both regions (28.6vs26.4%, n.s.) butAlternariasensitivity was higher inland (4.0vs15.2%P<0.001). Bronchial responsiveness was more severe in coastal children sensitized to house dust mites and in inland children who were sensitized toAlternaria. The adjusted odds ratios for current asthma in children sensitized to house dust mites were 21.3 (95% CI 10.5, 43.2) by the coast and 2.7 (95% CI 1.3, 5.4) inland, and in children sensitized toAlternariawere 3.4 (95% CI 1.3, 9.1) in the coastal region and 5.6 (95% CI 3.1, 10.1 inland. These studies suggest that high house dust mite allergen levels in a humid, subtropical region act to significantly increase bronchial responsiveness in sensitized children, and thatAlternariaallergens have a similar but less potent action in a dry, rural re

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00258.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPrevious studies have shown that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from horses with allergic respiratory disease and showing clinical symptoms contains increased numbers of neutrophils. In some cases, the eosinophil count is also increased. In this study the time course of changes in lung function and the accumulation of radiolabelled leucocytes and platelets in the lungs of allergic and normal horses has been examined during a 7 hr allergen exposure. Antigen challenge had no effect on pleural pressure or the distribution of radiolabelled neutrophils, eosinophils or platelets in normal horses. In contrast, in 6/8 allergic horses, there was an increase in pleural pressure and neutrophil accumulation in the lungs, both of which were evident after 4–5 hr. However, during the 7 hr challenge period radiolabelled eosinophils were detected in the lungs of only 1/6 horses exhibiting an increase in pleural pressure and in 1/7 horses that failed to show a change in airway function despite a clinical history of allergic respiratory disease. Antigen challenge did not alter the distribution of radiolabelled platelets in the five allergic horses tested. These results demonstrate that increased pleural pressure is not accompanied by eosinophil or platelet accumulation in the lungs of horses with allergic respiratory disease following exposure to antigen. However, changes in airway function can be associated with neutrophil accumulation but can also take place in the absence of this cell recruitment. This raises the possibility that the presence of neutrophils in the lung is not a prerequisite for changes in lung functio

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00259.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCumulative life prevalence of atopic disease (any of reported symptoms of asthma/ wheezy bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, eczema and urticaria) was studied by means of a questionnaire in 19814 (7‐, 10‐ and 14‐year‐old) Swedish school children and their parents. Maternal history was found to be twice as common as paternal history. The children of affected mothers contracted atopic disease in the same proportion as the children of affected fathers yielding twice as many affected children with affected mothers than with affected fathers. The strongest parental influence on childhood disease was seen for multiple symptoms and for congruent symptoms with both parents. The number of children with both parents affected was 1.6 times larger than expected. A possible dose‐response effect in polygenic inheritance is discussed as well as assumed impact of environmental factors with a tendency to familial c

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00260.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryExtracts ofAspergillus fumigatus arerequired for the measurement of specific antibodies that are important indices in the diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). This study investigated the effect of different culture conditions on the production and release of antigenic and allergenic proteins ofA. fumigatus. Increasing the incubation temperature from 25°C to 37°C altered the production of proteins by the mycelium which resulted in the release of a greater number of proteins that reacted with precipitating antibodies. Static sporulating cultures produced a much wider antigenic spectrum than shake cultures although the number of precipitating proteins (5 and 3 respectively) and major IgE binding proteins (5 and 3 respectively) was not greatly altered. The widest range of proteins bound by precipitating antibody or IgE from ABPA serum were released into the culture filtrate during 28 day static incubation at 37°C. The resultant extract proved useful for screening patients for specific IgE and will provide a starting material for the identification of individual antigens or allerge

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00261.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe studied the effect of intravenous administration of leukotriene (LT) C4on bronchial responsiveness to histamine and airway wall thickening in guinea‐pigs. Guinea‐pigs were killed and the lungs were fixed in formalin. Slides from paraffin‐embedded sections of the lungs were stained and the airways that were cut in transverse sections were measured by tracing enlarged images using a digitizer. Moreover, airway resistance (Raw) was determined by a pulmonary mechanics analyser and we calculated two incides, an index of airway wall thickening and the one of airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine, from changes of baseline‐Raw and peak‐Raw following intravenous administration of histamine before and after the intravenous administration of LTC4. Intravenous administration of 3 μg/kg LTC4for 1 hr induced an increase of the relative thickness of the airway wall in peripheral bronchi by the histological examination. In analysis of airway function, intravenous administration of 3 μg/kg LTC4for 1 hr induced airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine with airway wall thickening. Thromboxane A2receptor antagonists ONO‐NT‐126 and ONO‐8809 inhibited the LTC4‐induced airway hyperresponsiveness to histamine in a dose‐dependent manner, but not the airway wall thickening induced by LTC4, suggesting that the effect of LTC4on bronchial hyperresponsiveness is likely to be

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00262.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFifty patients with farmer's lung disease (FL), 20 asymptomatic exposed farmers, and 18 healthy controls were investigated for total IgG and total IgA, as well as subclass antibody levels againstAspergillus umbrosus, the most common fungus to which FL patients in Finland have been exposed. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed significantly elevated levels of specific total IgG and IgA antibodies in the sera of patients during the acute phase of the disease. Both IgG1 and IgG2 subclass antibodies and both IgA1 and IgA2 subclass antibodies were significantly associated with the disease. The antibody levels decreased during the first 3 months, when mould exposure was avoided and when an oral 6‐week steroid treatment was administered. During the next 12 month follow‐up, the mean antibody levels continued to decrease, even though re‐exposure might have occurred. The results (with sensitivity 94% and specificity 95%) imply that in addition to the measurement ofA. umbrosus‐specific IgG, determination of bothA. umbrosus‐specific IgG1 and IgA might also be useful in the scrodiagnosis of acute

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00263.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEighty‐one Indian patients received immunotherapy for allergic diseases during 109 pregnancies. Their allergy clinic records were analysed retrospectively and this revealed an incidence similar to or less than the general population with regard to abortion, perinatal mortality, prematurity, toxaemia and congenital malformation. A control group of 60 contemporary Indian patients (82 pregnancies) who refused immunotherapy were also analysed retrospectively and this revealed a higher incidence of abortion, prematurity and toxaemia as compared with those treated with immunotherapy. It is concluded that immunotherapy for allergic diseases is safe in pregnancy. Immunotherapy is safe even when it is initiated for the first time in a pregnant patient, an aspect not reported in any study until no

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00264.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryOccupational asthma due to Western Red Cedar (WRCA) is attributed to sensitization to plicatic acid (PA), but does not appear to be dependent on PA‐specific IgE antibodies. Exposure to PA induces histamine releasein vivoandin vitro, so if IgE is not important. other mechanisms of histamine release must presumably operate in WRCA, To explore the possible role of histamine‐releasing factors in WRCA, peripheral blood mono‐nuclear cells were obtained and cultured with PA, PA‐albumin conjugate plica tic acid‐human serum albumin (PA‐HSA).grass pollen or Concanavalin A using a standard histamine releasing factor (HRF) generation protocol. Supernatants were dialysed to remove endogenous histamine and then assayed for histamine releasing activity using human basophils as targets and a Con A‐induced bulk supernatant as an internal HRF standard. In contrast to some previous reports, spontaneous HRF release from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of WRCA patients (n= 9) and atopic asthmatic subjects (n= 5) was not elevated compared with the non‐asthmatic controls (n=11; five atopic and six non‐atopic). Both PA and PA‐HSA induced the production of small amounts of HRF by PBMC of WRCA patients, but a similar degree of HRF generation was also observed in PBMC from the atopic asthmatic, atopic non‐aslhmatic, and non‐atopic subjects. The contrast, grass pollen induced the production of HRF by PBMC from the subjects with positive skin tests to grass pollen but not by PBMC of non‐atopic subjects, confirming that our methods and assay were capable of detecting antigen‐specific HRF production. Since neither PA nor PA‐HSA induced significantly elevated HRF production from PBMC of WRCA patients, it seems unlikely that PA‐induced HRFs play a substantial r

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY