ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgrouudInterleukin (IL)‐3 and granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimilating factor (GM‐CSF) may influence the inflammatory process in asthma through their regulatory role on eosinophil survival, differentiation and effector function.ObjectiveTo examine the relationships between IL‐3 and GM‐CSF messenger (m) ribonticleic acid (RNA) expression in peripheral blood CD4+cells and serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), a marker of eosinophil activation, and disease activity in asthma.MethodsVenous blood was drawn from patients with acute severe asthma prior to the commencement of systemic steroid therapy (day 1) and 7 days afterwards (day 7). patients with stable disease and normal healthy volunteers. The capacity for expression of I L‐3 and GM‐CSF inex vivostimtuated circulating CD4+cells was assessed semiquantitatively by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).ResultsWe found that the capacity for expression of I L‐3 and GM‐CSF was significantly higher in acute asthmatics prior to steroid treatment (n = 24) than those in stable disease (n = 38) and healthy subjects (n =32,P0.001 for IL‐3 and<0.05 for GM‐CSF), but no difference was observed between the latter two groups. Further assessment made in 15 of the 24 acute asthmatics 7 days after systemic steroid treatment revealed a significant reduction in GM‐CSF expression (P<0.05) but not for IL‐3. At the same time, PEF also improved significantly from 30.4 ± 3.5% of predicted value to 72.9 ± 7.2% (P<0.0001) and serum ECP concentration also fell from 19.9 ± 5.9 μg/L to 4.3 ± 2.0 μg/L (n= 10,P0.01).ConclusionOur data suggest both IL‐3 and GM‐CSF may be important in

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00072.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundOccupatiotial asthma among cereal workers is frequently due to cereals but other allergens can also be responsible.ObjectiveWe evaluated the allergens causing occupational asthma in the patients who had been diagnosed in our Department during the last 5 years. Specific bronchial reactivity to the implicated allergens was assessed and compared by standardized bronchial challenge.MethodsTwenty‐one patients (12 bakers, three millers and six farmers) were studied. We carried outin vivotests (skin and challenge tests) andin vitrotests (specific IgE measurement) with cereals, enzymes, soyabean, storage mites and egg. A definitive diagnosis was established by means of specific bronchial provocation tests (BPT), except in three patients in whom it could not be carried out due to the severity of their asthma. In these cases the causative agent had to be determined by means of conjunctival challenge.ResultsCereals were the main sensitizers among bakers (75%) and farmers (66%). Bakers were also sensitive to a‐amylase (41%) and soyabean (25%), and farmers, to soyabean (33%) and storage mites (33%). Occupational asthma was due to cereals, soyabean and storage mites among millers.ConclusionsBesides cereals, other allergens such as enzymes, leguminous, egg and storage mites can be the causative agents of occupational asthma among cereal workers. Sensitization to different allergens in the different jobs is very likely due to differences in expos

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00073.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundAsthma in bakery workers caused by exposure to wheat flour proteins is an important occupational health problem. Until recently, gravimetric dust measurements were the only available technique for quantitative exposure assessment in bakeries. However, it is questionable whether dust levels are a good exposure parameter or only give a crude approximation of the actual flour allergen concentration.ObjectiveIn the present study we have investigated a method to measure wheat flour antigens with immunochemical methods.MethodsWheat flour antigens were measured in 449 personal dust samples taken in bakeries, using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) inhibition and an anti‐wheat lgG4 serum pool. Western‐blotting was performed to compare the wheat flour proteins detected by IgE and IgG4.ResultsElectrophoresis and immunoblotting showed that many wheat flour proteins can bind lgG4 and IgE, but also a reasonable similarity in major allergens detected by our lgG4‐serum pool and IgE‐positive sera. Inhibition tests showed some cross‐reactivity with some cereal species, but not with other ingredients used in bakeries. In bakeries, large differences in personal airborne flour levels were found between occupational titles. Eor several groups clear differences in wheat antigen exposure levels existed, where no difierences in dust exposure levels could be found. The relationship between dust and wheat antigen exposure varied considerably, depending on the specific bakery occupation, the size of the bakery, and the type of product produced by the bakery. This study also shows that personal sampling of wheat antigens is possible on a large scale and can be used for epidemiological field studies.ConclusionMeasurement of airborne wheat antigens in bakeries is a more specific and sensitive measurement tool than measuring dust samples, and will probably be essential for epidemiologic field studies focusing on exposure‐response

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00074.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundDefeetive antibody response againsl bacterial polysaccharide antigens is known to be associated with recurrent pyogenic infectiotis. The role of childhood allergy as a risk factor for repeated infections with capsulated micro‐organisms has been controversial.ObjectiveTo compare the devetopment of polysaccharide specific antibody responses in atopic and healthy infants and children.MethodsThe antibody responses against a common polysaccharide antigen,Candida albicansmannan, were studied longitudinally in 18 atopic and 19 non‐atopic children over the first 5 years of life. Determinations of IgA, IgG and IgM antibodies were carried out by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and IgE antibodies by nitrocellulose‐based radioallergosorbent test.ResultsThe polysaccharide specific antibody responses were similar in both groups, except that anti‐mannan IgM levels were higher at 5 years in the atopic children (P<0.05. student'st‐test).ConclusionAtopic children are not more susceptible to bacterial infections on the basis of poorer ability to produce antibodies against polysacchari

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00075.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundThe group 2Dermatophagoidesmite allergens. Der p 2 and Der f 2, were known to he highly crossreactive, and previous assays to measure Der p 2 and Der f 2 were not species‐specific.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop a monoclonal antibody‐based ELISA (MoAb‐ELISA) to specics‐spccifically measure Der p 2 and Der f 2.MethodsThe MoAb‐ELISA lor Der p 2 and Der f 2 was performed using species‐specific MoAbs for Der p 2 and Der f 2 and a biotinylated second MoAb which recognized a common epitope on both Der p 2 and Der f 2.RcsuitsThe assay was highly specics‐spccific, reproducible and sensitive. Thirty‐two house dust samples were assayed by the MoAb‐ELISA for Der p 2 and Der f 2 and by a previously reported radioimmunoassay for Der 2 with rabbit anti‐Der 2 antibodies. The summed values for Der p 2 and Der f 2 by the MoAb‐ELISA detnonstrated a good correlation with the Der 2 values using the radioimmunoassay (r = 0.978). Furthermore, the proportion of the Der p2level in the total Der 2 level (Der p 2 divided by Der p 2 plus Der f 2) correlated well with that of theD. pteronyssinusmite number to the totalDermalophagoidesmite number identificd by species (r = 0.970).ConclusionThe MoAb‐ELISA for Der p 2 and Der f 2, as well as that for Der p 1 and Der f 1, will be useful for the standardization of mite extracts and for the assessments of

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00076.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundMajor cat allergenFel dI is produced consistently by skin and by sebaceous glands before being spread on the fur.ObjectiveSince cats have tubular anal glands secreting sebum, proteins and lipids, we looked at the possible presence ofEel dI in these secretions and compared the levels found to those already reported in other cat tissues or secretions.MethodsThirty‐seven cats were studied.Eel dI dosage in the anal sacs’ secretions was performed using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and total protein evaluation by the Bradford's method.ResultsThe geometric meanEel dI concentration was 41 U/g secretion which represents 3.4% of the total protein levels. This amount is the highest ever reported in cat tissues or secretions.ConclusionThe close association ofEel dI protein with skin sebaceous glands and anal sacs both with holocrine function and lipids’ secretions in one hand, and the homology of chain I ofEel dI with some steroid‐binding proteins in other hand, suggest a possible physiological role forEel dI in the regulation of lipids on skin and

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00077.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundFood allergy is contemplated in atopic eczema. Early recognition of food allergies is difficult and the diagnosis is often missed because of the non‐specificity of symptoms. New non‐invasive tests are clearly needed.Objeetive and methodsWe measured the concentrations of tumour necrosis factor‐α, eosinophil cationic protein and α‐1 antitrypsin in faeces as indicators of intestinal inflammation induced by double‐blind placebo‐controlled oral cow's milk challenge in infants and young children with atopic eczema.ResultsAn increased α‐l antitrypsin concentration (>2mg/g) after cow's milk challenge was detected in 43% of the infants positive as compared with 11% of the infants negative to challengeP=0.02. The concentration of eosinophil cationic protein in faeces increased after cow's milk challenge in patients positive to challenge (P=0.02) but not in those negative to challenge (P=0.79). The concentration of eosinophil cationic protein was enhanced particularly in patients manifesting immediate‐type reactions to the cow's milk challenge. The concentration of tumour necrosis factor‐α increased after cow's milk challenge in patients positive to challenge (P=0.005) but not in those negative to challenge (P =0.25). The concentration of tumour necrosis factor‐α in faeces was enhanced particularly in patients manifesting delayed‐type reactions to the cow's milk challenge.ConclusionWe conclude that in children with atopic eczema food allergy is associated with intestinal inflammation indicating that more general immunologic disturbances than previously thought take place in these patients. We further suggest that faecal eosinophil cationic protein, tumour necrosis factor‐α and α‐1 antitrypsin distinctly indicate various reaction types of food allergy. Parallel testing with eosinophil cationic protein and tumour necrosis factor‐α may signiticantly enhance the accuracy in diagnosis of food all

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00078.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY