ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02719.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02720.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02721.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02722.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effects of nasal administration of increasing doses of exogenous substance P have been studied in patients with allergic rhinitis treated with placebo or with the H1antagonist certirizine (10 mg twice daily for 3 days). Responses to substance P were assessed by posterior rhinomanometry (measuring nasal airway resistance) and by measure of histamine. protein and albumin production and cell recovery in nasal lavage fluids before and after challenge. Substance P induced a dose‐dependent increase in nasal airway resistance which was similar after treatment with either cetirizine or placebo (maximal increase in nasal airway resistance was 4‐2‐fold greater than the baseline with the placebo and 4‐7‐fold greater than the baseline with cetirizine). No histamine release was observed. Similar increases in protein and albumin production were observed after stimulation with substance P along with the placebo (protein: from 0.35±0.11 to 3.31±0.62 mg and albumin: from 0.09±0.04 to 2.08±0.39 mg) and when combined with cetirizine treatment (proteins: from 0.42±0.09 to 3.62±0.77 and albumin: from 0.17±0.04 to 2.19±0.51 mg). After stimulation with substance P, percentages of neutrophils recovered in nasal fluids increased from 26.2±11.5 to 54.5±9.5 with the placebo and from 35.5±11.0 to 53.6±9.5 with cetirizine. Eosinophils were inconsistently found after substance P stimulation during both treatments. In conclusion, nasal response lo substance P is not modified by cetirizine which suggests that the effect of substance P is not secondary to histamine relea

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02723.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe have examined the effect of prolonged treatment with topical corticosteroid on allergen‐induced early and late nasal responses and the associated inflammatory cell infiltrate in grass pollen sensitive allergic rhinitics. Following a randomized double‐blind 6 week treatment period with fluticasone propionate 200 μg aqueous nasal spray twice daily or matched placebo spray, nasal provocation was performed using Timothy grass pollen extract. Nasal symptoms were recorded at intervals from 0 to 24 h. Nasal biopsies were performed before treatment and at 24 h after allergen and processed for immunohistology. When corticosteroid‐treated patients were compared with the placebo group there was an approximately 50% decrease in the size of the early (0‐60 min) response and almost complete inhibition of late (1–24 h) nasal symptoms after allergen challenge. After allergen challenge markedly fewer T lymphocytes and CD25+ (interleukin‐2 receptor bearing) cells were observed in both the epithelium and submucosa in fluticasone treated patients compared with the placebo group. Significantly less total and activated eosinophils were observed, particularly within the nasal epithelium. Submucosal mast cell counts were decreased, whereas increased numbers of submucosal neutrophils were observed. These results confirm that topical corticosteroid treatment inhibits allergen‐induced early and late nasal responses. This may possibly occur following a decrease in T lymphocytes and/or mast cells and their products and a consequent reduction in tissu

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02724.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBronchial inflammation in mild asthma has been investigated using bronchoscopical techniques. The safety of bronchoscopy in patients with more severe asthma has been questioned. We have used the non‐invasive technique of hypertonic saline (HS) inhalation to induce sputum samples for cellular analysis whilst simultaneously yielding a measure of bronchial responsiveness. Ten normal subjects and a heterogenous group of 24 asthmatic patients (range % predicted FEV143.3‐111.5) underwent HS challenge. Sputum samples induced were analysed. Total and differential cell counts between the two groups were compared. The association between bronchial responsiveness to HS and sputum cell counts was examined in the asthma group. Mean maximum fall in FEV1for normal subjects was 4.0 (2.1‐5.9, 95%CI)% after saline. Geometric mean PD20HS for asthma patients was 7.7 (range 0.68‐40.92) ml. Adequate sputum samples were obtained from 9/10 normals and 23/24 asthmatic patients. Sputum from normal subjects contained a median of 3.8 (2.8‐8.1, interquartile range)% eosinophils compared with 17.6 (8.9‐34.1)% in sputum from asthma patients (P<0.001). Sputum from asthma patients contained fewer of all other cell types compared with normals, with the difference in macrophages reaching significance. There was no correlation between PD20HS and cell count for any cell type in asthma subjects. Analysis of induced sputum represents a simple, safe, non‐invasive and well‐tolerated method of assessment of bronchial inflammation, suitable for use in patients with a range of asthma severity. There was no relationship between inflammation, as assessed by sputum cell counts and a measure of ‘Indirect’ bronc

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02725.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe subjected seven asthmatic children to two bronchial allergen challenges, first with an extract from the house dust miteDermatophagoides pteronyssinus(Derp) and thenDermatophagoides farinae(Der f), or vice versa. All children had elevated specific serum IgE to both species as well as reactions by crossed radioimmuno/electrophoresis (CRIE) to both group I and II allergens from both species. Immunoabsorption and subsequent analysis by CRIE showed a considerable concentration of serum IgE with specificity for epitopes common to the two species of house dust mite. Home dust sampling established that all children were exposed toDer fand only two toDer p. On bronchial provocation tests, all responded toDer fwith an immediate reaction and five with a late reaction, only three of seven showed an immediate response toDer p, with four of the seven showing a late reaction. Our data could indicate that the local allergic immune reaction in the respiratory tract is sustained by ongoing exposure, and may thus have a different species specificity than the response reflected in the serum. In conclusion, our data indicates a lack of association betweenin vitroandin vivotests for house dust mite allergy, which supports the continuing need for monitoring current clinical sensitization by allergen provocation tests and by measuring domestic exposure to the corresponding allergen. Extended studies are needed to support our findings.

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02726.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe study was carried out to investigate the effect of occupational exposure and smoking on the longitudinal changes of immediate skin reactivity over 3 years in working populations. A total of 480 grain elevator workers and 707 transit and ferry (control) workers were included because they had allergy skin tests on both surveys. Skin‐prick texts using three common allergens and a negative and histamine controls were administered during both surveys. The reaction was considered positive if the mean weal size was 3 mm or greater than that of the negative control. Conversion was defined as a change from the non‐atopic state in the initial survey to the atopic state in the follow‐up survey. Reversion was defined as a change from the atopic state in the initial survey to the non‐atopic state in the follow‐up survey. The findings showed that grain workers had two times risk of conversion than control workers. Recent smokers, who changed their habit from non‐smoker/ex‐smoker to smoker in the follow‐up survey, were at a three times risk of conversion than non‐smokers. The reversion of skin‐test reactivity was not associated with age, smoking habits, or working exposure. When investigating studies of longitudinal changes in immediate skin reactivity, the effects of age, changes in smoking habit and occupational exposure s

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02727.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effects of three oral doses of a new compound KW 4679 thought to have both antihistaminic and antiallergic properties were compared with terfenadine and placebo in a double‐blind cross‐over trial in 15 volunteers with seasonal allergic rhinitis. Comparison of the effect of the treatments with either 2.5, 5 or 10mg b.i.d. of KW 4679, 60 mg b.i.d. of terfenadine or placebo was made on the response to histamine and grass pollen skin‐prick testing. Nasal provocation testing with grass pollen was performed on the eighth day of treatment. Nasal airway resistance (NAR) was measured using active posterior rhinomanometry and the dose of grass pollen which caused a 200% increase in NAR was determined. The number of sneezes in the first 12min was counted. Compared with placebo all doses of KW 4679 and terfenadine significantly inhibited the skin weal response to histamine and grass pollen (P<0.001). The inhibitory effect of KW 4679 on both histamine and allergen induced skin weals was significantly greater than that of terfenadine (P= 0.001 andP= 0.049 respectively). The results of nasal challenges with grass pollen showed that all doses of KW 4679 and terfenadine were effective in reducing sneeze counts (P<0.001), though there were no significant effects on allergen induced increase in NAR. All three doses of KW 4679 were generally well tolerated. Drowsiness was reported by some of the volunteers on KW 4679 and one volunteer reported drowsiness whilst taking placebo. Slight and reversible rises in AST and ALT concentrations were observed; these were not considered clinically signif

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02728.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY