ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02734.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02735.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02736.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02737.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryHydrocortisone (HC) as well as its synthetic derivatives have been shown to strongly enhance interleukin‐4 (IL‐4)‐inducedin vitroIgE synthesis. To investigate possible effects on IgG subclasses, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were incubated with different glucocorticosteroids in the absence or presence of IL‐4. The glucocorticoids alone led to a strongly enhanced secretion of IgG 1, IgG2 and IgG3, but not IgG4. The addition of IL‐4 induced marked increases in IgG1 and IgG4, no changes in IgG3, but a consistent decrease in IgG2 synthesis. In order to find out whether these profoundin vitroeffects of corticosteroids are also reflected by changes in antibody serum levels during steroid treatment, 10 healthy volunteers took 25 mg prednisone for 7 consecutive days. We could not observe any significant changes of IgE or IgG subclass serum levels during or after this period. However, cell cultures performed after the glucocorticoid treatment revealed a marked decrease in the ability to produce IgG4 and a significantly lower potential to produce IgE in response to IL‐4 alone or IL‐4 and HC. We conclude that, although strongly implicated by thein vitroresults, glucocorticosteroid treatment does not result in an increased

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02738.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA monoclonal antibody‐based enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (MoAb‐ELISA) was developed to measure the majorDermatophagoidesmite allergens,Der pI andDer fI, The assay was highly species‐specific and sensitive. Using this assay system, the absolute mass unit ofDer pI andDer fI in the reference preparations of the extracts was estimated. The primary standards used were the purifiedDer pI andDer fI preparations. The reference preparations of theD. pteronyssinusandD. farinaeextracts (92‐Dp) and 92‐Df), which had been prepared from the same amount of mite bodies of both species, were found to contain the same levels of theDerI allergens, 10.1 μg/ml ofDer pI and 10.0 μg/ml ofDer fI, respectively. A histamine release assay with leucocytes from mite‐allergic donors showed that the total allergenic potency of 92‐Dpand 92‐Dfwas comparable. This result indicates that the estimatedDerI levels in these extracts seem to be valid, at least, in the balanece between the two species, although further comparisons of the absolute quantities by several different laboratories are needed. TheDerI levels in the WHO/IUIS international reference preparation ofD. pteronyssinusand the CBER standard mite extracts, E4‐Dpand E5‐Df, were also estimated using this assay system. They were found to contain 4.4 μg/viaI and 13.3 μg/ml ofDer pI and 9.5 μg

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02739.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPassive exposure to cigarette smoke has emerged as a significant risk factor in the development of asthma and allergic airways disease. The pathogenetic mechanisms are not known, but increased absorption across the airway epithelial lining has been suggested as one possible mechanism of this effect of cigarette smoke. This study examines the absorption‐permeability of the nasal epithelial lining in cigarette smokers and non‐smokers. For comparison, the effect of a detergent, dioctylsodium sulfosuccinate (DS), is also examined. A solution containing51Cr‐EDTA (51‐chromium labeled ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) (mol. wt. 372 Da) was instilled and maintained in the nasal cavity in six smokers and 12 non‐smokers for 15min. Urine was collected for 24 h after the instillation. The accumulated amount of excreted5lCr‐EDTA was measured and expressed as millilitre nasal instillate. In six non‐smokers the procedure was repeated when DS has been added to the instillate. The median recovered amount of51Cr‐EDTA in smokers 0.07 ml (range 0.04‐0.32) was not significantly different from that in non‐smokers 0.16 ml (0.01‐1.22). The recovered amount of51Cr‐EDTA increased from a median of 0.18 ml (0.01‐1.22) to 1.13 ml (0.53‐1.80) after addition of the detergent (P= 0.028). We conclude that the nasal airway absorption‐permeability is not increased in smokers. Hence, passive exposure to cigarette smoke may not produce an impairmen

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02740.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAllergy to the house dust miteDermatophagoides pteronyssinusis mediated by IgE to the major allergensDer pI andDer pII in the majority of mite‐allergic patients. In recent years, standardized preparations ofD. pteronyssinus, commercially available from several sources, have become widely used for the diagnosis and immunotherapy of mite allergy. As standardization implies uniformity of allergen composition and potency, we directly compared the absolute and relative quantities ofDer pI andDer pII in six different commercial standardized extracts ofD. pteronyssinus. Our findings reveal variability in levels of bothDer pI andDer pII, producing ratios ofDer pI/Der pII ranging from 1.1/1 to 6/1. Although the content of minor allergens in the extracts was not evaluated here, their contribution to the overall reactivity of mite‐allergic patients to the commercial extracts was judged to be minimal. This was demonstrated by showing that plasma depleted of reactivity to bothDer pI andDer pII had virtually no residual IgE directed against extract components. The variation in the proportion ofDer pI andDer pII among differentD. pteronyssinusextracts is likely to influence their biological effectiveness. Patients with reactivity against onlyDer pI orDer pII, who were found to comprise approximately one‐third of the mite‐allergic population, may not respond optimally to extracts containing relatively low levels of the allergen to which they are se

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02741.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIntranasal fluorocarbon anticholinergic agents have been used to treat the nasal hypersecretion of perennial non‐allergic rhinitis, but chronic use has been restricted either due to the potential for systemic anticholinergic adverse events or due to the irritating properties of the fluorocarbon metered dose formulations. This study evaluates a new aqueous nasal formulation of ipratropium bromide (Atrovent Nasal Spray 0.03%) in subjects with perennial non‐allergic rhinitis in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Two hundred and twenty‐eight patients were randomized to receive two sprays per nostril of either ipratropium bromide (42μ/nostril) or placebo‐administered three times a day as an aqueous nasal spray over an 8‐week interval. Patients were evaluated bi‐weekly and maintained daily diaries for duration and severity of nasal symptoms. Ipratropium bromide reduced the mean severity and duration of rhinorrhoea within the first week and throughout the 8 weeks of active treatment compared with placebo (P<0.05). Secondary endpoints of efficacy (patient and physician global assessments and a quality of life assessment) also supported the use of ipratropium bromide nasal spray for rhinitis symptom control. With the reduction in rhinorrhoea by the ipratropium bromide nasal spray, patients reported a marked improvement in daily moods vs placebo (P<0.01). Both placebo and ipratropium bromide nasal spray induced a modest reduction of nasal congestion, sneezing and postnasal drip. This improvement in these other nasal symptoms was consistent with the known soothing effects of a nasal saline vehicle. There were no drug‐related serious or systemic anticholinergic adverse events. The medication was well tolerated with side‐effects limited to infrequent episodes of epistaxis and nasal dryness of mild intensity. Assessment for nasal rebound for 1 week after discontinuation of treatment showed no increase in nasal symptoms above the original baseline symptoms. These data indicate that ipratropium bromide administered as an 0.03% aqueous nasal spray, 42μg/nostril t.i.d., is a well tolerated and a highly effective medication for controlling the severity and duration of rhinorrhoea in perennial non‐allergic rhinitis. This new aqueous formulation should provide an additional therapeutic agent to utilize for the chronic treatment o

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02742.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn some tropical areas the miteBlomia tropicalisis a clinically important allergenic component of house dust, inducing specific IgE immune response in patients with allergic respiratory diseases such as asthma and rhinitis. The identification of allergens of this mite is necessary to obtain appropriate reagents for diagnostic and treatment procedures. We carried out this study using immunoblotting to detect the allergens ofB. tropicalis. Our results demonstrate that this mite has one major allergen (11–13kDa) and three other important allergens with about 50% binding (64, 36 and 33 kDa). Therefore,B. tropicalisshould be regarded as an important source of allergens in the house dust in tropical areas, besides those derived from other mite

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb02743.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY