ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1988.tb02878.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA study was performed on twenty‐five workers exposed to polyurethane varnishes exclusively catalysed with TDI, who developed asthma to this substance. The aim of the study was to establish, using bronchial provocation tests, whether a cross‐response to MDI exists. The results were positive but no definitive evidence has been reached because there was cross‐response in only 48% of cases. It is interesting, however, that cross‐responders did not predominate among the subjects with a late reaction to TDI (P= 0.0038), whereas cross‐responders were in the majority among the subjects with a dual reaction to TDI (P= 0.0334). It is possible that the pattern of the asthmatic reaction to BPT with TDI influences the cross‐reaction to other

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1988.tb02879.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe recent dramatic rise from 0.1 to 7.3% in the prevalence of adult asthma in the South Fore area of the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea (PNG) has not been matched by a similar increase in asthma in the adjacent Asaro valley, where the prevalence remains extremely low at 0.3%. While the living conditions of these two populations appear comparable, the mean density of house dust mite (principallyDermatophagoides pteronyssinus) in blankets of residents in the Asaro valley was found to be significantly lower (283/g dust) than that of a corresponding random selection in the South Fore (1371/g dust). Since from 200 to 600 mites per g dust have been reported to constitute a risk factor for asthma, the data suggest that the relative risk for asthma in the Asaro valley population is low compared with that in the South Fore. In randomly selected sera, both IgE and IgG antibodies toD. pteronyssinusfrom the Asaro valley were comparable with those of a group of non‐asthmatics from the South Fore (mean 4.39vs3.43 U/ml for IgE antibodies and 1832vs1815 U/ml for IgG antibodies for Asaro valleyvsSouth Fore, respectively) but significantly lower (P<0.001) than corresponding data for subjects in the South Fore with asthma (108.6 U/ml and 3365 U/ml, respectively). This study emphasizes the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in determining the development of asthma, and highlights the importance of house dust mites in the pathogenesis of asthma in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guine

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1988.tb02880.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA sample of 930 children, between 9 years and 15 years old from six Italian towns, were studied. Their family history of allergy, personal allergy and medical history, current allergy symptoms, exposure to environmental allergens, feeding as infants, and their parents’ occupations were recorded. They were skin‐prick tested (SPT) with a range of common allergens. A subject was defined as atopic if at least one SPT caused a weal greater than 3 mm diameter. The association between the recorded information and atopy was investigated by logistic multiple regression. Atopy was positively associated with: high density housing; medium or high exposure to environmental allergens; a history of rhinitis, asthma or atopic eczema; male gender; and a history of breast‐feeding. It was independent of infectious diseases, vaccinations and operations, social class and family history. Thus, there was no evidence of a genetic factor in atopy, other tha

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1988.tb02881.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe relationship between child asthma admissions and biometeorological factors was investigated over a 16‐month period. No relationship was found with many commonly suspected precipitants such as temperature, humidity and wind. There was however a strong association with rainfall (P<<0.001). Associations occurred with low barometric pressure and counts of coloured basidiospores and green algae, but no significant relationship was found with grass polle

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1988.tb02882.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySeventeen patients with occupational asthma due to western red cedar had bronchial lavage during follow‐up examination after removal from exposure for at least 1 year. Seven patients were asymptomatic while ten continued to have symptoms of asthma requiring treatment. Symptomatic patients had evidence of airway inflammation, as reflected by a significantly higher total cell count, neutrophils and eosinophils, as well as an increase in protein and albumin in their bronchial lavage fluid compared to those without symptoms. Asymptomatic patients had no evidence of airway inflammation in the lavage fluid. There was no correlation between the degree of non‐specific bronchial hyperresponsiveness and the number or percentage of inflammatory cells to suggest that cellular infiltration is the sole cause of persistent bronchial hyperresponsiven

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1988.tb02883.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of nedocromil sodium (4 mg; 7.8 × 10−6m) on adenosine‐induced bronchoconstriction was compared with that of a higher dose of sodium cromoglycate (10 mg; 24.1 × 10−6m). Eleven allergic asthmatic patients (mean age 26.28 ± 12.21 years) were studied. Adenosine (0.03–4.00 mg) was administered as nebulized aerosol. The dose of adenosine producing a 20% change in FEV1(PD20) was calculated from the individual semi‐logarithmic dose‐response curves. Patients were studied on 4 separate days. On the first day the adenosine challenge was performed; on subsequent days patients were pretreated (20 min before challenge) with either placebo or test drug (nedocromil sodium 2 × 2 mg or sodium cromoglycate 2 × 5 mg) administered by pressurized aerosol in a randomized, double‐blind manner. Statistical analysis was performed by two‐way analysis of variance. Neither sodium cromoglycate nor nedocromil sodium showed a significant bronchodilator effect. In patients treated with placebo, inhalation of adenosine produced a dose‐related bronchoconstriction with a geometric mean PD20of 0.42 mg. After drug administration the mean PD20values were 1.29 mg with sodium cromoglycate and 2.30 mg with nedocromil sodium. Both drugs produced a significant increase in mean PD20value in comparison with placebo and baseline (P<0.01). These results demonstrate that nedocromil sodium (4 mg) is significantly more potent than a larger dose of sodium cromoglycate (10 mg) in inhibiting adenosine‐induced bron

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1988.tb02884.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySeveral studies have demonstrated that neuropeptides are present in peptidergic fibres of bronchial tissue. The aim of the present study was to evaluatein vivothe effect of nedocromil sodium (2 × 2 mg) on bronchospasm induced by inhalation of substance P. Six moderate asthmatic patients, mean age 25.17 years, were studied. Airway response was measured as FEV1and the dose of substance P (using a dose range of 23–736 nmol) producing a 20% decrease in FEV1(PD20) was calculated from the individual semilogarithmic dose‐response curves. Patients were studied on 3 separate days in a randomized, double‐blind manner. On the first day a baseline PD20value was determined. On subsequent days substance P challenge was performed after pretreatment (20 min before challenge) with either placebo or nedocromil sodium. Student's pairedt‐test and Wilcoxon's test were used for statistical analysis. The results of this study demonstrated that inhalation of substance P causes a dose‐dependent bronchoconstriction and that the bronchoconstriction induced by substance P can be prevented by pre‐treatment with nedoc

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1988.tb02885.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryGuanine is the major nitrogenous waste product in arachnids. It may serve as an indicator for allergenic mite faecal pellets. The present study assesses the correlation between the mite allergenicity of different house dust (HD) samples and their guanine content. Guanine content in HD samples was evaluated either by the Acarex‐Test or determined quantitatively, especially forin‐vitromethods. Using intradermal tests in selectively sensitizedDermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt)patients, we evaluated the mite allergenicity of eight extracts obtained from HD samples with varying guanine contents. The weal area appeared to be proportional to the HD samples’ guanine content. A three‐fold increase in skin reactivity was observed when the guanine content varied from 0.06% to more than 1%. Patients allergic to HD but not toDpthad no significant reactions with HD extract prepared from a guanine‐rich HD sample. For eighteen different HD samples coupled to paper discs, the percentageDptRAST binding values obtained with aDpt‐selectively sensitized patient serum pool was correlated with the guanine concentrations of HD samples (P<0.01). The potencies of different HD extracts obtained from HD samples that varied in guanine content were also clearly distinguished on histamine‐release titration curves. House dust obtained from homes at high altitude or from hospitals was generally guanine free. The HD sample guanine contents in homes where twelveDpt‐sensitized patients experienced symptoms were significantly higher than in homes where these patients were symptom free. The guanine colour test, a quick and easy technique, represents an important new development in indoor environmental investigations. It makes it possible to demonstrate mite faecal exposure and can be used to monitor the effectiveness of mite allergen avo

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1988.tb02886.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEighty patients suffering from documented hay fever have been entered in a double‐blind randomized study with the purpose of evaluating the efficacy of Allerglobuline®, a 10% human immunoglobulin preparation of placental origin, in the treatment of hay fever. The placebo was a 10% human albumin solution. The treatment started 6 weeks before the customary onset time of the clinical symptoms. It included a course often pre‐seasonal intramuscular injections, with 1 vial (5 ml) given twice a week, and followed by a booster injection of 1 vial on 15 June and 30 June during the grass pollen season.As the two groups of patients were similar, it was possible to demonstrate a significant symptomatic relief of rhinitis and conjunctivitis in the treated group, compared with the control group (P<0.0001), and an improvement of the respiratory symptoms. Symptomatic improvement was already apparent at the onset of the pollen season and persisted during the following weeks. An appreciable reduction in the consumption of antihistamines could also be shown (P<0.0001). Furthermore, a lesser increase in the total IgE level and in the specific cereal and grass pollen RAST could be demonstrated. This treatment can be seriously considered for the management of severe pollen allergy, particularly in those cases that show a poor response to immunothe

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1988.tb02887.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY