ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00201.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00202.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00203.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00204.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySeventy similar bungalows constructed between 1968 and 1970 in the same suburban area of Stockholm were investigated regarding the content of house dust mite allergen, absolute indoor humidity, type of ventilation and basement construction. Houses with mechanical exhaust and supply ventilation had an indoor humidity above 7 g/kg less often than houses without this type of ventilation (Odds ratio 0.1, 95% confidence interval 0.0‐0.2). Furthermore, only five of the 24 houses with exhaust and supply ventilation contained mattress dust mite allergen concentrations exceeding the median value (98.5 ng/g) compared with 30 of 46 hours which did not have such ventilation (odds ratio =0.1, C.I. 0.0–0.5). Houses with both natural ventilation and crawl space basement harboured significantly less mattress mite allergen than houses having the same type of ventilation, but with a concrete slab basement. In a cold temperate climate, type of building construction and ventilation seem to be important for the occurrence of house dust mite allergens in dwellings. Our results indicate that modern energy‐efficient houses should be equipped with mechanical exhaust and supply ventilation to reduce indoor air humidity during the dry winter months and the risk of mite infest

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00205.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe endogenous tachykinins exhibit a range of properties which may he relevant in the pathophysiology of asthma. Their effects on the airways seem to be modulated by a variety of lung peptidases, including neutral endopeptidase (NEP). In order to evaluate the potential role of endogenous NEP activity in modulating tachykinins‐induced bronchconstriction in manin vivo, six atopic asthmatic patients, with a mean FEV1value of 3.38 ± 0.76 1, and a histamine PD20 mean value of 0.024 mg. were studied. The influence of inhaled phosphoramidon (a potent NEP inhibitor) was examined against the NKA‐induced bronchospasm in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled randomized study. Changes in airway calibre were followed as FEV1and agonists responsiveness expressed as PD20 and PD15 for histamine and NKA respectively. Patients received nebulized phospharamidon sodium salt (10−5M) or a control solution 10 min prior to the bronchoprovocation test with NKA. No significant difference was noticed between any of the study days and after inhaled phosphoramidon on baseline FEV1values (3.29 ± 0.90 1) in comparison with the control solution (3.31 ± 0.79 1). Inhaled NKA produced a dose‐dependent fall in FEV1values in all the subjects studied with a mean PD15 value of 20.91 × 10−9mol. Phosphoramidon administered by inhalation elicited a significant (P<0.0l vs baseline and control solution) potentiation in the airway responsiveness to inhaled NKA, the NKA PD15 value decreasing to 9.45 × 10−9mol. The present study confirms that inhaled NKA induces a dose‐related bronchconstriction in asthmatic patients and demonstrates that inhaled phosphoramidon potentiates NKA‐ind

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00206.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIt is not clear why certain infants wheeze during viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) but it is possible that they have a tendency to mount an exaggerated inflammatory response leading to production of mediators that induce airway narrowing. We studied nasal tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNFα) and urinary leukotriene E4(LTE4) production during infection and after recovery in 31 wheezy infants (median age 6.2 months). Urinary LTE4production was not altered during wheezy episodes or URTIs. However, the concentration of TNFα in nasal lining fluid (NLF) was significantly increased during acute episodes of wheeze compared to recovery (median [interquartile range] of 293 [42‐1753]vs 0 [0‐203] pg/ml NLF). TNFα was detectable more often and in higher concentration when wheezing was due to respiratory syncylitil virus. TNFα was also present in 7/30 asymptomatic wheezy infants who had recovered from infection (>100 pg/ml NLF) and in 4/7 non‐wheezy siblings during URTIs (>200 pg/ml NLF). This suggests that upregulation of TNFα production is not the only factor that makes some i

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00207.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCefotiam (CTM) is one of the most popular cephem antibiotics in Japan. Recently we experienced two cases of nurses with CTM‐induced contact anaphylaxis. When they were preparing drip infusions of antibiotics or working around other nurses doing so, they suddenly fell into shock with other symptoms such as flushing, urtiearia, abdominal distress, vomiting, dyspnoea and or loss of consciousness. The symptoms never occurred after they avoided exposure to CTM. Passive cutaneous or open patch tests were positive for CTM. Histamine release was induced by CTM from washed leucocytes. RAST analysis using CTM‐human serum albumin‐coupled dises showed high % RAST count, suggesting that these reactions were mediated by IgE antibodies. A RAST inhibition test suggested that the methyl‐thiotetrazol side‐chain was the main antigenic determinant. Both patients had hand dermatitis that had appeared preceding the episodes of anaphylaxis. Although the dermatitis had been resistant to treatments, it also disappeared after they avoided exposure to CTM, It seemed likely that it was also induced or exacerbated by CTM and facilitated the penetration of CTM to cause anaphylaxis. The literature is also

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00208.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAnin vitrotechnique for measuring the relative potency of allergenic extracts has been developed and compared with the dose‐response skin‐prick test, Thein vitrotechnique is a modification of an EL1SA based on the method of antigen capture using polystyrene microtitre wells as solid phase (REINA‐compelition) and is also based on a doseresponse. Both methods have been applied to allergen extracts ofDermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Phleum pratense, Secale cereale, Lolium perenne, Plantigo lanceolata, Artemisia vulgaris, Salsola kali and Parietaria judaica.For each allergen, the slope of the regression log‐log dose response lines displayed by skin‐prick test and REINA‐C does not show a statistically significant difference, being parallel (P<0.001), and indicating that the allergen ligand binding kinetics are identical in b

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00209.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIt was reported that ethanol–induced bronchoconstriction was associated with elevated serum levels of aectaldehyde and histamine in Japanese asthmatic patients, but there is no study to investigate the airway response to acetaldehyde. We performed this animal study to test the hypothesis that acctaldehyde has the bronchospastic action via histamine release. First, we investigated the airway response to ascending doses (31.3, 62.5, 125. and 250 MM) of inhaled ethanol or acctaldehyde in guinea–pigs. Secondly, guinea–pigs pretreated with intraperitoneal injection of saline or 20 mg/kg diphenhydramine inhaled acetaldehyde. Finally, guinea–pigs pretreated with intraperitoneal injection of saline or 0–5 mg/kg atropine sulfate inhaled acetaldehyde. Inhalation of acetaldehyde. but not ethanol, caused bronchoconstriction in a dose–dependent manner. The bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled acetaldehyde was completely prevented by pretreatment with diphenhydramine. Atropine had no preventing effect against the acetaldehyde–induced bronchoconstriction. In conclusion, acetaldehyde has the bronchospastic action via histamine release in guinea–pigs. It is suggested that histamine HI–antagonists may be available for preventing aloch

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00210.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY