摘要:

SummaryThe relationships of total and specific IgE levels to the clinical manifestations and atopic status of ninety‐two subjects, suffering from asthma, rhinitis and infantile eczema in varying combinations, were examined. No significant correlations were found between specific IgE levels toDermatophagoidesspp. and grass pollen or between total IgE levels, and the age of the patient, nor the age of onset, duration, severity and frequency of symptoms. A highly significant correlation was found between total IgE levels and the numbers of skin test reactions to a battery of twenty routine tests and to the sum total of the graded sizes of the reactions in each subjec

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1972.tb01294.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryRabbits sensitized by injection were exposed to an aerosol ofMicropolyspora faeni.Death occurred rapidly, and the lungs were immediately fixed and examined. The unprotected animals presented an allergic alveolitis with capillary lesions in which the changes in the endothelium were associated with intravascular coagulation. Heparin completely protected the endothelium but did not prevent the coagulopathy; an anti‐platelet serum abolished this latter element of the reaction. The authors conclude that the alveolitis. which persisted in all the cases, was a Type 1 allergic reaction linked to the liberation of the mediators of immediate hypersensitivity.The changes in the capillary endothelium are the consequence and not the cause of the intravascutar coagulation. This coagulation is independent of the Type 1 allergic phenomena and it appears to be responsible for the development of the fibrosing granulomata characteristic of “farmer's lu

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1972.tb01295.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPatients sensitive to bee stings had immediate weal‐and‐flare (WF) and painful late reactions when skin tested with purified melittin, the main toxin of bee venom. The WF reactions were immunologically non‐specific, as melittin is a potent histamine‐releasing agent. The late reactions which persisted after 4–5 hr appeared to result from immunological hypersensitivity to bee stings since normal patients had no late reactions. Reaginic and precipitable antibodies against melittin were not found in the sera from any of the bee sting sensitive patients. Cellular hypersensitivity against melittin was not detected by the leucocyte migration inhibition test.The haemolytic and leucocyte migration inhibition activities of melittin were associated with the intact molecule and not the carboxy‐terminal h

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1972.tb01296.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA study has been carried out in order to establish the diagnostic value of serum IgE estimation and otherin vitrotests in drug allergy. The comparative value of these tests in allergic asthma and rhinitis has also been assessed. Since there were fewer problems in the diagnosis of the latter conditions, serum IgE estimation was of relatively greater value in the diagnosis of drug allergy, although raised IgE was found only in twenty‐three of sixty‐two (37%) patients. The overall incidence of raised IgE in allergic asthmatics (20%) was lower than in previous reports, and like in drug allergy, the frequency was smaller in patients with a single allergy. In drug allergy, the importance of using proper material in the various tests was illustrated in penicillin allergy. Skin tests andin vitrocorrelates of immediate‐type allergy frequently gave false negative results with the drug itself rather than its conjugated derivatives (penicilloyl‐polylysine and penicilloyl‐human serum albumin), while in the lymphocyte stimulation (transformation) test this limitation was not as marked. The lymphocyte stimulation test was positive in the majority of patients, both in drug allergy and in allergic asthma and rhinitis, and on the whole did not seem to correlate with the type of reaction (whether immediate or delayed) toin vi

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1972.tb01297.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn vitroquantitative methods for determination of antigenic release of histamine from leucocytes and stimulation of small lymphocytes to transformation into blast forms were applied to a study of immunologic responses to food proteins in allergic and non‐allergic children. The allergic group was subdivided according to positive or negative reactions to intradermal injection of the food proteins.Significant lymphocyte stimulation by proteins from foods universal in the diets, like cow's milk and eggs, occurred as frequently in non‐allergic as allergic children, with or without positive skin tests to the food proteins. Furthermore, the average stimulation among the groups was not significantly different.A soybean protein gave significantly greater stimulation of lymphocytes from allergic children, in whose diets soybean formulae are frequently substituted for cow's milk.Antigenic release of histamine from leucocytes occurs only with leucocytes from skin‐test positive persons, and in only about 25‐50% of these in the case of food proteins.Neither the procedure for lymphocyte stimulation nor for histamine release from leucocytes, as carried out in this study, will serve to determine unequivocally whether a particular food protein is causing symptoms in q

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1972.tb01298.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryLeucocyte sensitivity to antigenic release of histamine was determined in allergic children receiving injections of allergen extracts in order to ascertain the frequency of development of complete loss of sensitivity (unresponsiveness). Leucocyte unresponsiveness did not occur in any of eight allergic children given large doses of allergen extracts by an intensive regimen of injections. In only two of twenty‐three children who had received injections of allergen extracts by a customary dosage regimen, were the leucocytes found to be unresponsive to antigenic histamine release. These findings confirm our earlier reports.The incidence of complete loss of leucocyte sensitivity during injection therapy in our studies is lower than reported by others. This is attributed to our employment of a more nearly optimalin vitrosystem for measurement of antigenic histamine release from leucocytes, thus avoiding the false impression of leucocyte unresponsiveness which can result from use of a less sensitive procedure.Other findings in the present investigation were: (I) concordant fluctuations in leucocyte sensitivity to two unrelated allergens during injections of one of the allergens, indicating non‐specific changes in sensitivity; (2) skin sensitivity and bronchial reactivity were not reduced even with marked decrease in peripheral leucocyte sensitivity; (3) significant decrease in titre of serum complement, as occurs in presence of antigen‐antibody complex reac

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1972.tb01299.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe serum IgE levels of four patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis ranged from 201 to 16,800 I.U./ml. The corresponding mean level for control subjects was 205±68 I.U./ml. A considerable proportion of the patients' serum IgE was found to be specific reagin directed against extracts ofAspergillus fumigatus.Notwithstanding the high levels of reagin, the circulating basophils were relatively insensitive to histamine release with allergen or antiserum to I gE. The effects of steroid therapy may have contributed in part towards this lack of reactivity of the basophiis. Two of the patients showedin vitroevidence of Type IV in addition toin vitroType I hypersensitivity but did not demonstrate the presence of precipitins toA. fumigatusin their serum, one of these previously having a positive precipitin test. Precipitins were present in the sera of the two other patients, both of whom demonstratedin vivoType I hypersensitivity. One of these was testedin vitrofor Type IV hypersensitivity but was adjudged negative. The sputum of one patient (L.P.) contained fungal mycelia which was conjugated with both IgA and IgE antibodies

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1972.tb01300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryImmunological studies have shown that antibodies to cow's milk protein in dysautonomic children are probably due to recurrent aspiration. The immunologicai mechanisms involved do not seem to include reaginic activity but, on the other hand, complement binding Arthus type phenomena probably do occur. There is, therefore, theoretical support for withholding milk protein from dysautonomic children. Our clinical trials were not sufficiently prolonged to prove the usefulness of milk‐free diets in practic

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1972.tb01301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIsolated human basophils sensitizedin vitroby IgE antibody, and challenged by antigen in the absence of complement, release a substance that attracts eosinophils but not neutrophils. The anaphylactic release of the eosinophilotropic substance is accompanied by morphological changes in the basophils and release of histamine and presumptive SRS‐A.The anaphylactic eosinophilotropic substance differs from that formed in fresh serum by antigen‐antibody complexes. Human IgG, aggregated chemically or with antigen, induces formation of anaphylatoxin and substances attracting both eosinophils and neutrophils. IgE, similarly aggregated, does not.Damaged basophils or neutrophils incubated in serum containing complement, confer on the serum activity attracting neutrophils and eosinophils.The suspensions of the three types of polymorphonuclear leucocytes used in these tests were 92‐97% pure, prepared by the techniques o

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1972.tb01302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySixteen workers, from a platinum refinery, with respiratory disease were tested with solutions of complex salts of platinum and ten gave immediate prick test reactions to concentrations of 10−4−10−6and immediate nasal reactions in seven out of eleven tested to concentrations of 103−10−8. Occupational‐type exposure inhalation tests to the dust from mixtures of 40 mg of the platinum salt with 1 kg of lactose gave immediate asthmatic reactions in eight and in one of these a late reaction, all also giving immediate prick test reactions. The asthmatic reactions were inhibited by disodium cromoglycate. In two with negative prick tests, late asthmatic reactions were elicited. The occupational‐type exposure test provides a safe, acceptable procedure for etiologi

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1972.tb01303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY