摘要:

SummaryThe abundance of mast cells in human dermis, together with their ability to release a variety of vasoactive and pro‐inflammatory mediators following cross‐linkage of their cell‐surface receptors for IgE, enables these cells to provide an effective defence mechanism within this organ. A similar defensive function is attributed to mast cells of other human organs such as intestine and lung which are in contact with the external environment and therefore susceptible to infiltration by foreign allergens and microorganisms. However, mast cells of the skin apparently differ from those present in lung and intestine in being activated for histamine release by a variety of endogenous neuropeptides which stimulate the rapid release of histamine in the virtual absence of eicosanoids. This would provide a mechanism of neurogenic control of a variety of homeostatic functions such as blood flow, angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation. Such processes would aid in the remodelling of tissue during wound healing, and increased numbers of mast cells have been noted around healing wounds of rat skin [57] and areas of developing fibrosis [146]. Neuropeptides modulate the activity of a variety of immuno‐competent leucocytes including macrophages, monocytes and lymphocytes [147–149]. The findings that skin mast cells are activated by neuropeptides suggest that these cells may also be included amongst those involved in neuro‐immune interactions. Activation of skin mast cells by non‐immunological stimuli may contribute to the aetiology of some forms of skin disease. Patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria appear to have enhanced vascular responsiveness to intradermal injections of the histamine liberator codeine [139]suggesting that this disease may involve hyper‐responsiveness of their mast cells to endogenous non‐immunological stimuli. The findings of large increases in histamine accompanied by small increases in PGD2in venous effluent of thermally challenged limbs of patients with cold‐ or heat‐induced urticaria [94,95] may suggest that their mast cells had been activated by a non‐immunological stimulus. However, the interpretation of results gained using such relatively complexin‐vivosystems are difficult, as the cellular origin of the detected mediators is by no means clear. However, it is hoped that in the future the alliance of newly developedin‐vitrotechniques to investigate mast cell function together within‐vivomethods to investigate their interaction with elements in their tissue environment will greatly increase our understanding of the role of the human skin ma

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02402.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe results of recent experiments investigating the restriction specificity of cross‐reactive, orDermatophagoides farinae‐specific, T cell clones isolated from an atopic individual with perennial rhinitis are reviewed. The restriction specificity was examined using serological inhibition, allogeneic presenting cells and murine fibroblasts expressing HLA‐D region products. Although serological inhibition studies suggested that DR class II proteins were the major restriction elements used, the patterns of recognition observed with the allogeneic cell panel were complex, generally failing to correlate with the serologically defined MHC class II specificities. Analysis of the restriction patterns indicated that the majority of the T cell clones were restricted by DRβIII gene products and this was confirmed using murine fibroblasts expressing DRw52. DRβI gene products functioned as restriction elements in the recognition of house dust mite allergen by the other clones. In anin‐vitromodel of allergen‐dependent IgE synthesis, both DRβI and DRβIII class II restricted T cells could be shown to provide functional help for IgE synthesized by autologous B cell‐enric

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02403.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02404.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn this study, we wanted to test the hypothesis that hyposensitization (HS) abrogates the late asthmatic reaction (LAR). We therefore selected 15 asthmatic children (subjects) sensitized to house dust mite (HDM), as proven by positive prick tests and/or specific IgE via the RAST. All children demonstrated a positive bronchial provocation test (BPT) to HDM; 14 showed a dual asthmatic reaction and one child showed an isolated LAR. All children were treated with anti‐asthmatic drugs and received HS. They were rechallenged after 1 yr of HS while their anti‐asthmatic medication was not changed, except for β‐agonists which were used only for relief of symptoms. Two BPTs, with a mean interval of 6.4 months, were also performed in eight asthmatic children (controls), who did not receive HS. In the controls, the same reaction pattern was observed during both BPTs. In the subjects, the LAR completely resolved in 5/15 after 1 yr of HS (P= 0.04). Furthermore, as a group, the subjects showed a less severe LAR after 1 yr of HS (expressed as mean fall of FEV1) (P<0.0001). The PD20of the immediate asthmatic reaction (IAR) was the same as before HS was started, but the IAR was also less severe after 1 yr of HS (expressed as mean fall of FEV1) (P= 0.028). From these observations it is concluded that, in asthmatic children, HS may resolve and/or reduce the severity of the LAR. Although the PD20of the IAR is not changed, the severity of the IAR is also reduced after 1 yr

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02405.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySelective histamine‐H1receptor antagonists inhibit adenosine 5′‐monophosphate (AMP)‐induced bronchoconstriction by>80% when expressed as a percentage inhibition of the FEV1time–response curve following inhalation of the provocation concentration of AMP required to produce a 20% decrease in FEV1from baseline (PC20). To investigate this further we have determined that, in eight mild atopic asthmatic subjects, terfenadine (180 mg), administered 3 hr pre‐challenge, increases the geometric mean PC20for histamine from 0.4 (range 0.03–3) mg/ml after placebo, to 20.2 (range 0.6–64) mg/ml following active treatment (P<0.0001). For AMP, the PC20increased from 9.3 (range 1.0–113.3) mg/ml after placebo, to 150.2 (range 32.1–1177.7) mg/ml with terfenadine (P<0.0001). This 16.2‐fold (range, 5.5–47.9) displacement to the right of the AMP concentration–response curve by a selective histamine‐H1receptor antagonist emphasizes the central role of histamine in the airways

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySera from 30 workers in an entomological research institute and from five Sydney asthmatics, all with serum IgE antibodies to sheep blowfly (Lucilia cuprina) antigens, were studied with the aim of identifying individual IgE‐binding proteins in extracts ofL. cuprinaadult flies, larvae and eggs, and in extracts of related species of flies from the order Diptera. Using protein blotting, 21, 18 and nine different IgE‐binding components were identified in extracts ofL. cuprinaadult flies, larvae and eggs, respectively. A component(s)of MW 67 kD found in all three developmental stages, showed the highest frequency of IgE‐binding; reacting, for example, with 70% of the sera tested with the adult fly extract. Some components were detected in only one of the three developmental stages. Investigations of possible allergenic cross‐reactivity betweenL. cuprinaand extracts from six other related species of flies revealed IgE‐binding bands in each of the extracts as well as in an extract ofAgrotis infusa, a cutworm not belonging to the order Diptera. One strongly reacting component of MW 20 kD was detected in extracts of five different fly species as well as in theA. infusaextract. The results suggested that allergenic cross‐reactivity between some fly species exists, and may extend to taxonomically unrelated ins

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02407.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe associations between skin sensitivity to various common allergens and the development of childhood asthma were ascertained in a longitudinal study of a birth cohort of New Zealand children up to the age of 13 years. Of 714 children skin‐tested, 45.8% were sensitive to at least one of 11 allergens, the most common responses being to rye grass pollen (32.5%), house dust mite (30.1%) and cat dander (13.3%). Allergen‐specific relative risk analysis, controlled for the effect of sensitivity to other allergens, demonstrated that sensitivity to house dust mite and to cat dander were highly significant independent risk factors associated with the development of asthma (whether defined as recurrent typical respiratory symptoms, increased airway responsiveness, or the concurrent presence of both), whereas grass sensitivity was not a significant independent risk factor for ast

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02408.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA study was carried out on six subjects suffering from anaphylactic reactions including asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, contact urticaria and hypotension following contact with rubber gloves. All of them showed skin sensitivity and serum specific IgE to various preparations of natural latex, and not to other chemicals used in glove manufacturing. Immunoblotting techniques demonstrated that at least four soluble polypeptides from natural latex had the ability to bind specific human IgE. The results suggested that natural latex proteins present in rubber gloves can cause severe specific hypersensitivity reactions.

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02409.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIt has been proposed that a permanent or transitory increase in gut permeability is an important facet in the development of food allergy. If this occurs, then individuals with a history of a specific food allergy should have a higher incidence of immunological reactivity to other food allergens as compared to food tolerant subjects. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the prevalence of food‐specific IgE responses by skin‐prick testing in 60 individuals. Subjects were classified by a history of food allergy (shrimp hypersensitivity) and atopic status. Prevalence of skin‐prick test reactivity to shrimp and a panel of nine other food extracts was determined. Skin‐test reactivity to shrimp was related both to a history of shrimp sensitivity and atopic status. However, the prevalence of skin‐test reactivity to other foods was not related to clinical history of shrimp allergy, although it was related to atopy. A subset of subjects with shrimp allergy had multiple positive skin reactions to many of the nine other foods. This reactivity was associated with a history of pulmonary symptoms following shrimp ingestion. In general our results do not support non‐specific increases in gut permeability being important in the development of f

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02410.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn ELISA procedure has been developed to measure specific IgG antibodies against rat urine. Using this method antibody levels in individuals with differing exposure levels to rats have been measured. Mean antibody titres in groups of workers regularly exposed to rats were higher than those in groups currently or totally non‐exposed. However, only in the group of workers exposed and sensitized to rats were IgG levels significantly elevated. Despite this significant difference in mean antibody titres there was considerable overlap between individuals in each group, and there was no direct relationship between exposure to rats and levels of IgG anti‐rat urine antibody. Our results suggest a stronger correlation between sensitization to rats and the levels of antigen‐specific IgG antib

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1989.tb02411.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY