ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03091.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Christopher Robin had wheezles and sneezles, they bundled him into his bed.They gave him what goes with a cold in the nose, and some more for a cold in the head.They wondered if wheezles could turn into measles, if measles would turn into mumps;They examined his chest for a rash, and the rest of his body for swellings and lumps.They sent for some doctors in sneezles and wheezles, to tell them what ought to be done.All sorts and conditions of famous physicians came hurrying round at a run.They all made a note of the state of his throat, they asked if he suffered from thirst;They asked if the sneezles cameafterthe wheezles, or if the first sneezle came first.They said, ‘If you teazle a sneezle or wheezle, a measle may easily grow.But humour or pleazle the wheezle or sneezle, the measle will certainly go.’They expounded the reazles for sneezles and wheezles, the manner of measles when new.They said ‘If he freezles in draughts and in breezles, then PHTHEEZLES may even ensue.’Christopher Robin got up in the morning, the sneezles had vanished away.And the look in his eye seemed to say to the sky, ‘Now, how to amuse them today?’A. A. Milne,Now We Ar

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPeripheral blood monocytes (PBM) may be activated in asthmatic patients, a condition usually reverted by corticosteroid (CS) treatment. In the present research we have evaluated the spontaneous or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced production of interleukin 1 (IL‐1) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) by PBM obtained from 14 asthmatic subjects during an asthmatic attack and after 1 week of CS treatment. The control group included 20 healthy volunteers. PBM obtained during severe asthma showed a pattern of IL‐1 and TNF secretion similar to that of normal subjects. After CS treatment, IL‐1 levels did not change significantly in comparison to baseline values, while LPS‐induced TNF production was apparently related to the degree of airway obstruction after CS treatment. In fact, TNF production by PBM from CS‐responsive subjects was significantly decreased in comparison to the levels determined before CS treatment, while PBM from CS‐resistant subjects produced the same cytokine levels regardless of CS treatment. The present study suggests that the determination of LPS‐induced TNF secretion by PBM could be used to confirm the effectiveness of CS trea

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAzelastine, a phthalazinone derivative, is a new potent, long acting, orally active anti‐allergic compound with particularly strong H1‐histamine receptor antagonistic effects which has been proven to possessin vitroandin vivoa number of anti‐inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether azelastine would be able to prevent and/or reverse the seasonal increase in non‐specific bronchial responsiveness to methacholine in pollen allergic patients. Twelve atopic patients (5 males, mean age 31 years), skin positive exclusively to grass and/or Parietaria pollen extract, with rhinitis and mild asthma occurring in the spring for at least two years previously, were studied. After a 2 week run‐in period, oral azelastine, 4 mg twice daily, or placebo, was given for 2 weeks from the start of the pollen season, according to a randomized, double‐blind design. After 2 weeks, the treatments were crossed over. During both the run‐in and study periods, patients recorded rhinitis and asthma symptoms, additional antihistamine and bronchodilator drugs taken and peak expiratory flow measurements. A methacholine inhalation test was carried out on four occasions in each patient: before the run‐in period, before the start of the treatment, and at the end of the two 2 week treatment periods. Azelastine significantly reduced rhinitis symptoms and the need for antihistamine drugs, whereas asthmatic symptoms, use of bronchodilator drugs, peak flow recordings and bronchial responsiveness to methacholine were unaffected by the treatment. Compliance level and adverse side‐effects were not significantly different between active treatment and placebo. In the final subjective evaluation of the two treatments, eight out of 12 patients preferred azelastine. Thus, azelastine has been confirmed to be effective and safe in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. However, in our patients, we have not been able to demonstrate any anti‐asthmatic

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAccumulation of basophils in inflammatory sites is an important aspect of the late‐phase allergic reaction involving skin and upper and lower airways, suggesting the existence of mechanisms for basophil migration. Because haemopoietic growth factors have been shown to stimulate various functions of human basophils, we tested the ability of haemopoietic growth factors to migrate basophilsin vitro.Both IL‐3 and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) induced migration of purified normal basophils (purityc.80%) in a dose‐dependent fashion at picomolar concentrations, while granulocyte (G)‐CSF, macrophage (M)‐CSF, and IL‐4 had no effect at all. Chequerboard analyses indicate that migratory activity of both factors are chemokinetic. These results suggest that local production of both factors during allergic reactions might potentially play an initial role in the recruitment of basophils from the circulation to sites of infla

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe applicability of a panel of five skin and laboratory tests in the diagnosis of cow's milk allergy/intolerance (CMAI) was investigated. The tests used were prick and patch tests, RAST, basophil histamine release test (BHRT) and lymphocyte proliferation test (LPT). Twenty‐two atopic children who had experienced either immediate or delayed cutaneous symptoms upon challenge with cow's milk (CM), and 12 non‐milk‐allergic controls with atopic dermatitis (AD) were included in the study. RAST, prick test, BHRT and LPT to CM and patch test to α‐casein were positive in the CMAI group and non‐milk‐allergic atopic controls as follows: 59% and 33%, 57% and 0%, 55% and 17%, 77% and 17%, 33% and 0%. RAST, prick test and BHRT were more often positive in children exhibiting immediate reactions, and patch test and LPT more often positive in those having delayed reactions to CM. The panel of five tests detected 21/22 children with CMAI and gave false‐positive results in 5/12 of non‐milk allergic controls. The sensitivity and specificity of the panel in the diagnosis of CMAI were 95% and 5

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY