ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb03311.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb03312.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb03313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb03314.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryVolatile organic compounds emitted by growing intact oilseed rape plants have been detected using an entrainment apparatus enabling volatile headspace analysis by thermal desorption coupled to capillary gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. In total, 22 volatile compounds were identified as being emitted during the flowering period. The main constituents were α‐farnesene (a sesquiterpene); β‐myrcene (a monoterpene); linalool (a monoterpene alcohol) and the ‘green leaf’ volatile (E)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol acetate. These compounds constituted between 50 and 87% (mean 68%) of the total volatiles emitted in all of the entrainments carried out with flowering oilseed rape plants. The remaining constituents consisted of a range of compounds including other terpenoids, the characteristic ‘green leaf’ volatile (E)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, short chain alcohols and ketones, organic sulphides and nitrogen‐containing compounds. These were generally present as minor constituents but some plant entrainments revealed that higher relative amounts could be emitted. This was particularly apparent for dimethyl disulphide, 3‐methyl‐2‐pentanone, 3‐hydroxy‐2‐butanone, sabinene, isomyrcenol and (E)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol. The possible role of the 22 compounds in respiratory mucosa and conjunctiva irritation associated

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb03315.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA series of cases of sudden unexpected post‐neonatal deaths from two centres in the UK have been investigated for evidence of mast cell activation using the biochemical markers tryptase and 9α,11β‐PGF2. Tryptase was selected as a possible marker because it is a component of mast cell secretory granules and, unlike histamine, it is not released from basophils. The prostaglandin 9α,11β‐PGF2is an initial and pharmacologically active metabolite of PGD2, the major mast cell‐derived cyclo‐oxygenase product. This prostaglandin was chosen to serve as a marker of newly generated mediator release. In the study, unexplained infant deaths were associated with a higher concentration of tryptase in serum compared with cases of unexpected, but subsequently explained death. However, 9α,11β‐PGF2was found to be an unsuitable post mortem marker in this situation. These results provide direct evidence that mast cell degranulation, possibly as a result of anaphylaxis, may be occurring around the time of death in some c

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb03316.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis work describes three patients suffering from bronchial asthma after being naturally exposed to airborne plane‐tree pollen. The three patients gave immediate response in skin tests and dual response in bronchial provocations usingPlatanus hybridaextract. There was specific seric IgE activity against this/these antigen(s) with the CAP system. The three patients also showed significant correlation (P<0·001) between their rhinitis and asthma symptom‐scores registered on their diary cards and plane‐tree pollen counts, collected using the Burkard spore trap. Among 187 patients living in Madrid and who came to our centre with a history of rhinitis and/or seasonal asthma, we found a prevalence of positive skin‐prick tests toPlatanusof 56%, only surpassed by gramineous pollen (Dactylis glomerataand/orTrisetum paniceum)92% andOlea europaea63%. The aerobiological sampling of the pollen content of the air in Madrid, carried out between 1 January 1979 and 31 December 1993 revealed an airborne presence (per cent of total yearly pollen count, mean of 1979–1993) of 14·9% for thePlatanus, 14·8% for grasses, 9·8% forOleaand 3·6% forPlantago. ThePlatanusis one of the most frequently found pollens in the atmosphere over Madrid. At present, in this geographical area, a high percentage of patients with pollinosis are sensitive to this pollen. At least in some of these patientsPlatanuspollen is capable of inducing rhinitis and br

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb03317.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe prevalence of asthma in children between the ages of 5 and 17 years in Costa Rica was determined using a large sample (n= 2682). The definition of asthma was based on a combination of a physician's diagnosis and a symptom score, using information from a questionnaire given to the parents. An overall asthma prevalence as high as 23·4% was found. Sex, age, urban/rural location, or rain precipitation did not show any association with the diagnosis of asthma. The presence of smokers in the home was found to be an important risk factor (odds ratio = 1·6). Another identified risk factor was a high yearly average outside temperature, i.e. above 25°C (odds ratio = 1·8). Furthermore, the proportion of children with more than four upper respiratory infections during the preceding year was found to be significantly increased in children with asthma (odds ratio = 4·3). The non‐asthma group seemed to use equal amounts of drugs for the treatment of asthma as the asthma group. For a country like Costa Rica with limited economic resources the current work indicates two important issues for consideration in the future; firstly, to try to define the cause(s) of asthma and secondly, to continuously inform the physicians about the best way of diagnosing and treating asthmatic patients to ensure optimal handling of this large patient

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb03318.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn order to examine the relationship between cow milk allergy (CMA) and atopic disorders in childhood, a consecutive group of 42 infants with IgE mediated CMA was followed for at least 2 years. The incidence of sensitization to common food and inhalant antigens and the development of eczema, asthma, and food allergies was examined for the cohort and compared between patients whose CMA remitted and those with persistent disease. In this cohort the prevalence of eczema was 57%, asthma 69%, egg allergy 67%, peanut allergy 55%, and 83% of infants demonstrated positive skin‐prick tests to three or more allergens. At the end of the study CMA had remitted in 13 patients (median age 44 months) whereas in 29 patients it persisted (median age 44 months). Although there was no significant difference in the incidence of eczema or asthma during the study between these two patient groups, the incidence of allergy to egg and peanut butter was significantly greater for children with persistent CMA. Consistent with our hypothesis that children with persistent CMA have a more severe dysregulation of IgE synthesis than those whose disease remits, patients with persistent CMA had a significantly higher incidence of and level of skin sensitivity to inhalant and other dietary allergens. Sensitization to the inhalant allergensDermatophagoides pteronyssinus, cat dander and rye grass was frequently seen in early infancy and increased during the study period. Thus, children with IgE mediated CMA frequently generate IgE responses to multiple dietary and inhalant allergens in infancy and early childhood and develop immediate hypersensitivity to other foods as well as clinical eczema, and asthm

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb03319.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFluticasone Propionate Aqueous Nasal Spray (FPANS) contains a topically active glucocorticoid fluticasone propionate which has been used successfully for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis. This multicentre, randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy, placebo‐controlled, parallel group study was designed to compare the efficacy and tolerability of FPANS with terfenadine tablets or placebo in controlling the symptoms of allergic rhinitis to grass pollen. Two hundred and fourteen patients were treated for 6 weeks during the grass pollen season with either FPANS 200 μg once daily, terfenadine tablets (60 mg) twice daily or placebo. Efficacy was evaluated by the analysis of symptom‐free days and median symptom scores. Patients receiving FPANS had significantly more days free of nasal blockage on waking (P =0·012) and during the day (P= 0·01) and of rhinorrhoea (P= 0·027) than those receiving terfenadine. Additionally, in terms of absolute efficacy, patients receiving FPANS demonstrated significantly more days free of the above symptoms (P= 0·017,P= 0·028,P =0·004, respectively) and of sneezing (P<0·001) than those receiving placebo. There were no significant differences in symptoms of nasal itching, eye symptoms, of symptoms of drowsiness between the three treatment groups. Patients in the FPANS group had significantly lower median symptom scores for nasal blockage on waking (P<0·001) and during the day (P<0·018) than those in the terfenadine group and significantly lower scores for nasal blockage on waking (P<0·001), sneezing (P<0·013)and rhinorrhoea (P =0·005) than those in the placebo group. The use of rescue medication was similar in all three treatment groups. Adverse events were similar in nature and frequency in all three treatment groups, most were mild and considered by the investigator at each centre unlikely to be related or unrelated to the study treatment. There were very few clinically significant laboratory abnormalities observed in any group. It is concluded that FPANS (200 μg once daily) is an effective and well‐tolerated treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis and is significantly more effective than terfenadine (60 mg twice daily) in controlling nasal blockage at all times of

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb03320.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY