ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03035.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03036.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03037.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03038.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundThe adhesion molecule LFA‐1 contributes to the activation response of peripheral blood human CD4+ T cells. Less is known of its contribution to stimulation of long‐term CD4+ T cell lines and clones or of its potential to co‐stimulate CD4+ T cells of different functional phenotype.ObjectiveThis study was therefore performed to investigate co‐stimulatory properties of the LFA‐1 (CD11a/CD 18) complex in the activation of human CD4+ T cell lines and clones of TH‐0. TH‐1 and TH‐2 subsets.MethodsCo‐stimulatory activity was measured by cross‐linking antibodies to CD 11a or CD18 with anti‐CD3 antibodies to plastic and then measuring the proliferative response of CD4+ T cells to these antibodies.ResultsA house duct mite allergen‐specific CD4+ T cell line (TH‐2) demonstrated much greater dependence on both C'DI la and CD IK than a mycobacterial antigen‐specific CD4+ T cell line (TH‐1). Co‐stimulatory activity through LFA‐1 was also provided to a house dust mite‐specific CD4+ T cell clone (DE‐9; TH‐2) but not to an influenza haemagglutinin‐specific CD4+ T cell clone (HA 1.7: TH‐0). In contrast, soluble antibodies to CD 18 inhibited proliferativc responses of both DE‐9 and HA1.7 to an immunogenic challenge of antigen and to stimulation by unti‐CD3 antibodies. However, the allergen‐specific T cells were more susceptible to inhibition. Signal transduction was also observed from the T‐cell receptor to LFA‐1. Ligation of the T‐cell receptor modulated the phenotypic expression of LFA‐1 and ICAM‐1 on both HA1‐7 and DE‐9). Phenotypic modulation was observed as a result of both activation and the induction of non‐responsiveness.ConclusionThese experiments indicate that CD4+ T cells of TH‐2 functional phenotype may have a greater requirement for the co‐stimu

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03039.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundLow density eosinophils are more prominent in asthmatic patients compared with healthy subjects, LDH are metabolically more active and produce more tissue‐injuring and spasmogenic proteins than normal cosinophils.Objective and methidWith a method providing information about eosinophils of 12 different densities we were able to study eosinophil density characierislics in 24 young patients in detail with allergic asthma in a stable phase, and in 21 patients after a bronchial allergen challenge.ResultsStudy of the eosinophil density profile of patients and healthy controls revealed two density populations. Patients had more low density eosinophils than controls. In the patients eosinophil density characteristics and in particular the number of low density eosinophils correlated strongly with both FEV1% predicted (ρ=−0.66,P<0.001) and REV1/FVC (ρ=−0.47,P<0.01) as well as with bronchial responsiveness to histamine (ρ=−0.68,P<0.001) and house dust mite (ρ=−0.37,P<0.05). Allergen induced bronchial reactions were associated with an increase in the number (P<0.001) and percentage (P<0.05) of low density eosinophils. A selective rise in the number of eosinophils collected from fractions with a low density accounted for the observed rise in the total number of eosinophils, Density changes did not differ between patients with an isolated early reaction and patients with both an early and a late reaction, nor was there a relation between the severity of the late reaction and the shift in eosinophil density.ConclusionIn conclusion, peripheral blood eosinophil density characteristics and in particular numbers of low density eosinophils are closely related with indicators of the asthma severity under stable conditions. Allergen inhalation induces a further shift towards lower density suggesting additional activation of th

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03040.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundAsthma is a common chronic disease of childhood. House dust mite (HDM) are known to be a major source of allergen affecting atopic asthmatics. No single control method has been demonstrated to consistently reduce asthma.ObjectiveWe investigated the effect of a combination of two methods of HDM allergen control on HDM allergen content in the bedding and carpets of asthmatic children.MethodsThis was a double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial treating the bedrooms of 56 mite‐sensitive asthmatic children. The carpel and the mattress, duvet and pillows (bedding) in the bedroom of children of the active group were treated with the acaricide Acarosan (benzyl benzoate). The bedding was then encased in vapour permeable waterproof fabric (Intervent cotton coated with polyurethane) for 24 weeks. The carpet and bedding of the control group were treated with placebo and the bedding encased in cotton covers for 24 weeks. Dust samples were collected from all these items in a standard manner at regular intervals andDer pI content analysed.ResultsThe group with active treatment had a median reduction of 480 ng (100%) in mite allergen from the mattress vs 215 ng (53%) reduction in placebo‐treated group by 6 weeks. TheDer pI content of the active group's bedding was always less than the placebo group after treatment (P<0.01). The acaricide applied to the carpets or inside the mattress covers was ineffective in reducing allergen content.ConclusionThis study confirms the effectiveness of encasing covers in reducing the mile allergen exposure but indicates there is no further advantage in applying acaricide simulta

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03041.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundAllergen exposure in early childhood is thought to be important for sensitization and subsequent development of asthma. Not much is known, however, about exposure of young children to allergens in the home.ObjectivesThis study was designed to document dust mite allergen exposure in young children, and to determine wheither infants from atopic mothers (=‘high‐risk’ infants) are exposed to lower concentrations of house dust mite alkrgen than infants from non‐atopic parents (=‘low‐risk’ infants).MethodsDust samples were taken in the homes of 104 infants (48 ‘high‐risk’ and 56 ‘low‐risk’ infants, selected by questionnaire) aged 3–15 months, from floors in different rooms and from the child's mattress surface.ResultsThe majority of the infants were found to be exposed toDer pI concentrations of more than 2000 ng/g in dust collected from the surface of their mattresses. LowerDer pI concentrations were found in mattress surface dust from the beds of infants from atopic mothers than of infants from non‐atopic parents. Also, lowerDer pI concentrations were found in floor dust from the homes of infants from atopic mothers, Infant beds equipped with new mattresses, new blankets and top plastic sheeting had significantly lowerDer pI concentrations than beds equipped with used mattresses and blankets, without top plastic sheeting.ConclusionsYoung children in the Netherlands are exposed to significant concentrations ofDer pI in mattress surface dust. Allergic parents appear to provide their children with environments somewhat less rich in mite aller

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03042.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundTo interpret individual measurements of house dust mite (MDM) allergen and to design and analyse HDM studies it is necessary to quantify the variability which is inherent in the measurement of this exposure.ObjectiveTo estimate the repeatability of one method of HDM allergen measurement.MethodsWe analysed data from one or more HDM allergen measurements in 215 houses included in four previous studies conducted in Sydney (a high allergen environment) and Busselton. Western Australia (a moderate allergen environment). Samples were collected from the bed by vacuuming above and below the sheets and inside the pillow case and from the bedroom and living room floors by vacuuming a I m2area for 1 min. Extracts from aliquots of fine dust from each sample were assayed for HDM allergenDer pI using a monoclonal antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (IBLISA). The values for HDM allergen were positively skewed and the suitability of a log transformation was established by the resulting normal distribution and stable within‐site variance.ResultsThe range of single determination (within which the true value lies with 95% certainty) was 3‐1‐fold for samples from the bed and 3.5‐fold for samples from the floor. The coefficient of repeatability (the ratio beyond which a change between two estimates is established with 95% certainty) was 4.9 for the bed and 5.8 for the floor.ConculsionWe estimate that, to detect a twofold difference or change in allergen levels. 35 houses per group will be required in cross‐sectional studies and 30 houses per group in parallel‐group, randomized controlled trials. We recommend that beds be sampled by collecting dust from the layer of bedding below the bottom sheet. A single site within the bedroom floor may be taken as representative of this site but this is not true for the living

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBackgroundrapid administration of bee venom in cumulative doses exceeding the quantity contained in one bee sting is well tolerated by most of the patients during 3.5 h of ultra‐rush bee venom immunotherapy (VIT). The mechanism of this tolerance is unknown.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis that either slow mediator depletion of mast cells or blockade of their surface receptor mechanisms by increasing doses of allergen might be the major mechanisms of tolerance induced by ultra‐rush VIT.MethodsNine bee venom allergic patients with a history of severe systemic reactions after a bee sting, positive skin tests and bee venom specific serum IgE antibodies were treated as follows: on the first day a cumulative dose of 111 μg was administered over 3.5 h under intensive care conditions. Further injections were given on day 7, day 21 and thereafter at 4 week intervals, Intradermal tests with codeine phosphate (nonspecific mast cell degranulation) and bee venom were performed before the initiation of VIT and 30 min after the last injection on the same day as well as before the subsequent bee venom injections.ResultsNo significant changes of skin reactivity to both codeine phosphate and bee venom were observed on day I (before initiation of VIT and after the last injection on the same day).ConclusionsUltra‐rush VIT does not induce mediator depletion or surface receptor blockade in skin mast

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1995.tb03044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY