ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAtopic dermatitis (AD) is considered a T‐cell mediated disease. Activated T‐cells, mainly of the CD4‐subtype. are abundantly present in lesional AD skin. Although not many intact eosinophils are present, deposits of eosinophil derived major‐basic‐protein (MBP) and eosinophil‐cationic‐protein (ECP) suggest eosinophil involvement. After patch testing AD patients with aeroallergens, an eczematous reaction develops after 24 48 hr at the site of application. This patch test reaction shows macroscopic resemblance to lesional AD skin and does not take place in normal individuals, asthma and allergic rhinitis patients. Lymphocytes together with eosinophils infiltrate into the dennis 26 hr after allergen application. Twenty‐four to forty‐eight hours after patch testing, eosinophils are in an activated state since they release ECP (being EG2‐positive). At this point in time eosinophils have also infiltrated the epidermis. Here they are EG2‐negative. Forty‐eight to seventy‐two hours after patch testing the eczematous reaction decreases. This coincides with disappearance of eosinophils from both the dermis and the epidermis; then, a dendritic staining pattern can be observed in the epidermis with anti‐eosinophil peroxidase. Thus, eosinophils infiltrate the dermis and epidermis after patch testing AD patients with aeroallergens and release part of their granular constituents. Recentin vitroinvestigations revealed that eosinophils from the circulation of AD patients react more powerfully inin vitrotest systems such as chemi luminescence, chemotaxis and endolhelial adherence and transmigration. 11 is very likely that this activated (= primed) state is caused by the influence of lymphocyte‐derived cytokines like IL‐3, IL‐5 and GM‐CSF, since activated lymphocytes in the circulation (and tissue) may release these cytokines. The primed state of the eosinophils may facilitate tissue inlillration. The subsequent activation of eosinophils within the tissue leading to mediator release and the function of these mediators need to be further elucidated. The close similarity between the cellular events after a patch test reaction to aeroallergens in AD patients and those present in lesional AD skin suggests that the patch test reaction may be a helpfulin rimmodel to study the pathogenesis of AD. The prominent involvement of lymphocytes and eosinophils in this reaction also suggests some similarity with late phase reactions (LPR) observed in the skin afte

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIgE responses towards extracts ofDemotopkagoides pteronysssinus, D. farinae, D. microceras, Euroglyphus mayneiandGymnoglyphus longiorhave been evaluated with sera from a mite sensitive population and the international reference pool of sera, NIBSC 82/528, using Western blotting. Using mite body and faecal extracts 21 of 29 mite protein bands responded to by sera were common to all five species of mite. All sera were unique with respect to proteins bound and species recognized. Mite proteins bound by more than 40% of sera included the Group II and FFI main allergens and protein bands 14 (MW 40.4 kD) and 21 (MW 27.8 kD), all of which were found in every mite species studied. The Group I allergen, found in all species, was bound by 29.4% of sera. Similar response profiles between mite species suggest that human specific IgE may bind predominantly to crossreactive determinants on mite allergens.

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00305.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe prevalence of specific IgE to the storage mitesAleuroglyphus ovatus (Ao)andChortoglyphus arcuatus (Ca)was studied in 77 individuals with allergic asthma and/or chronic allergic rhinitis. All these individuals had a positive skin test (weal ≥ 3 mm) to extracts ofDermatophagoides pteronyssimis (Dp)and/orDermatophagoides farinac (Df). Sera from 29 non‐atopic individuals were used as controls. A RAST was considered positive when a serum bound ≥1% of the total counts added. The prevalence of a positive RAST toDpwas 75.3%, and to at least one of the two storage mites (Aoand Ca), 76.6%. Among patients with a positive RAST toDp. 79.3% and 75.8% were RAST positive toAoand Ca, respectively. RAST inhibition studies with a pool of sera from 13 subjects with high RAST binding to all three mites showed significant crossreactivity betweenAoandCaand minimal to moderate crossreactivity betweenDpandAoand Co, This study demonstrates that Sensitization toAoandCais common in individuals with respiratory allergies in Cartagena, Colombia and suggests thatAo, CaandDphave unique and common allergenic determi

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00306.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn this investigation 98 children (median age 24 months) with cows' milk allergy (CMA) were studied over a median period of 2 years to see whether acquisition of clinical tolerance to cows' milk was associated with the changes in levels of IgG and IgE anti‐cows' milk antibodies, and skin test reactivity to a cows' milk extract. Two groups of CMA patients were examined. The first were IgE sensitized and responded rapidly to small volumes of cows' milk with urticaria, and/or exacerbations of eczema, and/or wheeze, and/or vomiting (n= 69). The second, a late reacting group (n= 29) demonstrated coughing, diarrhoea, eczematoid rashes, and/or a combination of these which developed more than 20 hr after commencing normal volumes of cows' milk. Significant immunological changes were confined to the 69 IgE sensitized immediate‐reacting‐group of patients. Of these, there were 15 children who achieved clinical tolerance to cows' milk and they showed a significant fall in the levels of skin test reactivity to cows' milk over the study period(P<0.01). In addition, these 15 children had lower serum IgE antibodies to cows' milk proteins both at the outset and the final follow‐up compared with the 54 patients whose CMA persisted. No consistent change in the IgG antibody responses to cows' milk proteins was seen in either group of patients over the study period. The findings suggest patients with immediate type hypersensitivity to cows' milk proteins whose disease persists for more than 2 years have a more severe dysregulation of IgE synthesis to cows' milk proteins from the outset. The role of humoral immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of late reacting CMA remains

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00307.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryHistamine content and enzyme activities of histamine metabolism, histidine decarboxy‐lase (HDC), histamineN‐methyltransferase (HMT) and histaminase (diamine oxidase, DAO) in human nasal mucosa were determined with a highly sensitive and specific fluorescent method which was combined with high performance liquid chromatography. Histamine content and HDC activity were determined in 10 specimens of nasal polyp, nine specimens of maxillary sinus and five specimens of inferior turbinate. HMT and histaminase activities were determined in 15 specimens of nasal polyp, nine specimens of maxillary sinus and five specimens of inferior turbinate obtained during surgical therapy. Histamine and activities of HDC, HMT and histaminase were detected in all specimens except the case of histaminase activity in one specimen of nasal polyp. The mean values of histamine content and activities of HDC, HMT and histaminase of human nasal mucosa were 137.3 nmol/g wet weight, 26.3 fmol/min/mg protein, 26.4 pmol/min/mg protein and 0.5 pmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Histamine content in the mucosal tissue of the maxillary sinuses was significantly higher than that of nasal polyps or inferior turbinates. There were no significant differences in HDC activities among three kinds of nasal mucosa. Activities of HMT and histaminase, including their kinetic constants (Km and Vmax values for histamine) indicated that HMT has a greater potential than histaminase for histamine degradation in the human nasal mucosa. The presence of these enzymes suggests that these activities constitute an important modulating factor in histamine mediated allergic and inflammatory reactions in human nasal muc

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00308.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryProliferative responses and production of IL‐2 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients withDermatophagoitles pieronyssinusrhinitis ± asthma were measured at up to 24 hr intervals from 1–8 days, after stimulation with mitogen (PHA), antigen (SKSD) and specific allergen (D.pteronysxinus). IL‐2 was measured in culture supcrnaunts using the murine CTLL cell line bioassay. Compared to non‐atopic controls, patients had significantly higher prolilenitive responses toD. pteronyssinusand SKSD but similar responses to PHA. In patients, maximal proliferate responses to PHA, SKSD andD. piemnyxsinuswere at 3, 6 and 7 days, respectively. IL‐2 levels in response to stimulation withD. pieronvssinuswere significantly higher in patients than controls, where only background levels were found (15.4, 7.9–30.7− 10‐2U/ml [mean, range] n=11;vs 2.2,0.1–8.4 × 10‐2U/ml,n= 6;P<0.05). In contrast, IL‐2 production to PHA and SKSD, although higher in patients, was not significantly different than controls. These results suggest allergic patients possess a population of T cells expandable by specific allergen which are

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn the first part of this study peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations. Iheir activation slate and various serum parameters were measured in extrinsic and intrinsic atopic dermatitis (AD) patients compared to normal individuals. Beside the characteristic eosinophilia, significantly increased numbers of CD4+T cells with increased expression of IL‐2 receptors (IL‐2R) and HLA‐DR were noted in the AD patients. In addition, extrinsic AD patients showed increased numbers of CD23+B cells and decreased numbers of CD16+natural killer cells. Moreover, increased serum levels of eosinophil canonic protein (ECP) and soluble 1L‐2R as well as soluble factors lhat prolong survival of eosinophilsin vitrocould be demonstrated. In the second section of this study we determine how these blood immunological parameters relate to the clinical severity of the skin lesions of AD, by weekly analysis of 12 AD patients attending a high altitude clinic for 3 to 6 weeks. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of treatment with topical steroids, but during the observation period a significant improvement in clinical status was observed in all AD patients independent of topical steroid therapy. A progressive decrease in eosinophil and activated T cell numbers. soluble IL‐2R levels and serum eosinophil survival prolonging activity could be demonstrated, which closely correlated with the clinical severity

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb00311.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY