ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEosinophilic infiltration of the respiratory mucosa is considered an inflammatory hallmark of allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma and nasal polyposis. However, the mechanisms involved in this infiltration have not yet been totally elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the influence of epithelial cell secretions from both nasal polyps (NP) and normal nasal mucosa (NM) onin vitroeosinophil survival. Epithelial cells were identified by microscopy; and immunohislochemisiry. cultured to confluence, and human epithelial cell conditioned media (HECM) was generated from cultures. Eosinophits were isolated at high viability and purity (>90%) from peripheral blood and incubated with HECM. HECM from both NM and NP increased eosinophil survival in a dose‐dependent manner, this effect being maximal at a concentration of 25% for NM (73.4%±5.5%,n= 26,P<0.001) and of 10% for NP (74.5%± 84%n= 18,P<0.001). Incubation of monoclonal antibody to human GM‐CSF with HECM, neutralized the induction of eosinophil survival by HECM from both NM and NP. HECM from NP contained higher concentrations of GM‐CSF (111 ± 25.4 pg/ml,n= 17) than HECM from NM (97.1 ± 15.2 pg/ml.n= 8). without reaching statistical significance. Pre‐incubation of dexamethasone with eosinophils also blocked HFCM‐induced eosinophil survival from both NM (10−8‐10−5M; IC50 = 9.5 nM) and NP (10‐7‐10‐5M; IC50 = 83 nM). These results suggest that: firstly eosinophil infiltration into the respiratory mucosa during allergic reaction and nasal polyposis may be modulated at least in part by GM‐CSF from epithelial cells; and secondly epithelial cells from NP might have a more potent effect on inducing eosinophil infiltration of the respiratory mucosa than epithelial cells from NM. Finally, we may consider this as a reliablein vitromodel to compare the role of epithelial cells from inflammatory (NP) and non‐inflammatory (NM) tissu

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA nitrocellulose‐based radioallergosorbent test (RAST) was developed and used for the determination of IgE antibodies toCandida albicansmannan in patients with atopic dermatitis, asthma and allergic rhinitis. The results were expressed as mannan‐RAST index values (an inter‐ and intra‐assay coefficient for variation of 8.0‐10.2%). The normal range for mannan‐RAST index values was determined in 102 non‐atopic adults. Fifty‐three of 78 (67.9%) patients with atopic dermatitis showed elevated mannan‐RAST index values with a significant correlation to the severity of the dermatitis (r= 0.33,P<0.01). Sixteen of 30(53 3%) patients with asthma had a positive mannan‐RAST index value: however, 12 of the 16 asthmatics (75%) who were positive also suffered from atopic dermatitis. Those who had allergic rhinitis but not atopic dermatitis showed a positive mannan‐RAST index value in 12 of 32 (37.5%) cases. Nitrocellulose‐RAST offered a sensitive method for the determination of polysaccharide‐specific IgE antibodies in alopic diseases. The results show that high values are observed mainly in atopic dermatitis and less sensitization toC. albicansoccu

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis study was designed to analyse prostaglandins (PGs) in human nasal lavage‐ fluid using the combination of microcolumn high performance liquid chromatography and a He/Cd laser induced fluorescence detection system. Forty‐seven patients with allergic rhinitis and 12 healthy volunteers were investigated. Four species of PG. i.e. PGD2, PGE2, PGF2xand 6‐keto‐PGF1, were detected in the nasal lavage fluid. Concentrations of PGD2; (1.33 ± 0.17 nmol/ml) and PGE2(0.87 ± 0.11 nmol/ml) in nasal lavage fluid from patients with allergic rhinitis (the allergy group) were significantly increased compared with those of volunteers (the control group, 0.23 ± 0.16 nmol/ml, 0.29 ±0.19 nmol/ml, respectively). On the other hand, no significant differences were observed in concentrations of cither PGF2x, or 6‐keto‐PGF1xbetween the control group and the allergy group. Histamine concentration in nasal lavage fluid was significantly increased in the allergy group (53 ± 7.6 nmol/l) compared with the control group (3.4 ± 1.0 nmol/1). No significant correlation was observed between PGD2and histamine concentration (r= 0.24), or between PGE2and histamine concentration (r= 0.08) in nasal lavage fluid from patients with allergic rhinitis. Treatment with oxatomide, an anti‐histamine and anti‐allergic drug, significantly improved symptom scores, but did not alleviate them completely. Concentrations of each PG detected in nasal lavage fluid did not change significantly after oxatomide treatment. It is concluded that, not only histamine but also PGs, particularly PGD2and PGE2, might be involved in the genesis

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEndothelin is a potent bronchoconstrictor peptide first identified as a novel vasoconstrictor produced by vascular endothelial cells. Recent reports suggest that airway epithelial cells are also capable of releasing this active peptide. To investigate the regulatory mechanism of endothelin expression, we studied the effects of endotoxin and pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐1 and tumour necrosis factor on the expression and release of endothelin‐1 by airway epithelial cells. Both endotoxin and the cytokines stimulated endothelin‐1 release by human bronchial epithelial cells. Northern blot analysis showed increased expression of preproendothelin‐1 mRNA by these factors. These results suggested that airway epithelial cells might play a role in the local airway smooth muscle tone through the production of endothelin, which might be upregulaled by inflammatory products in th

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe hypothesis that repeated exposure to a specific allergen will further increase bronchial responsiveness to that allergen is supported by indirect evidence. However, it has not been tested as intensely in the laboratory setting, and in some cases, conflicting results are presented. In order to test the hypothesis in the atopic subjects, allergen inhalation challenge tests were performed in 29 house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pternyssinus) sensitive subjects with allergic rhinitis. Nine subjects displayed early asthmatic responses (EARs) to the first challenge (Group 1). Twenty subjects with no significant airway response were submitted to the second challenge 24 h later. Thirteen subjects showed EARs (Group FI) and two of these showed late asthmatic responses (LARs)aswell. In Group II, there were significant changes between the first and second challenge in post‐allergen early phase FEV1, (88.1 ± 4.2 vs 71.7 ± 4.2%, baseline,P<0.05) and in post‐allergen late phase FEV1, (93.1 ± 3.4 vs 86.6 ± 7.8.P<0.05). After the second challenge. PD20 (provocative dose of methacholine required to produce a 20% fall in FEV1) decreased significantly from the baseline values. When challenged separately with twofold dose of allergen, only three and one of the Group II showed EAR and LAR respectively. PD20 did not change significantly after this challenge. These results indicated that two repeated exposure to allergen dose, which is not enough to cause significant airway responses at a time, may provoke asthmatic airway responses in the subjects with allergic rhinitis and that this effect of priming is not attributed to the cumulative dose but to the consequent effect of repeated allergen e

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

summaryIn this study, sera collected from 50 patients (24 females, 26 males) with Type I allergy to house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) were investigated for IgE antibodies specific for eight different mite species including storage mites of the familiesPyroglyphidae, GlycyphagidaeandAcaridae. According to their environment the patients were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 24 (11 women, 13 men) farmers working and living in rural regions of Austria (Styria. Lower Austria), group II included 26 citizens of Vienna (13 women, 13 men). As expected, RAST investigations revealed a higher rate of sensitization to storage mites in the farmer group. Comparing the two patient groups, sensitization toLepidoglyphus destructorandTyrophagus putreuswas markedly increased in the farmer group. However, the sensitizalion rate to storage miles was also considerably high in city dwellers. Elevated levels of IgE specific forEuroglyphus mayneiwere more frequently observed in the urban collective. RAST‐inhibition experiments suggest a partial crossreactivity between house dust mites and storage mites. In their living environment, patients with perennial Type I allergy are exposed to multiple different mite‐derived allergens in addition to the well‐known house dust mite allergens. These allergens lead to sensitization and are therefore of clinical impor

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn order to determine the prevalence of asthma, allergy and atopy in southern China and the relative importance of atopy and parental history in predicting asthma and allergic diseases, we carried out a cross‐sectional study on 737 secondary school students aged 12‐20(492 boys, 245 girls; mean age = 16.4 years, so = 1.8 years) in the city of San Bu, Guangdong, China. Standard questionnaires on respiratory and allergic symptoms were distributed for completion by parents with an overall response of 98.6%. Skin‐prick tests to common aeroallergens were performed on 647 subjects (87.8%) to determine atopic status. The prevalence (and 95% CI) of a history of hay fever, eczema, wheeze or asthma ever and wheeze in past 12 months were 1.6% (0.7‐2.5), 10.4% (8.2‐12.6), 1.9% (0.9‐1.9) and 1.1% (0.3‐1.9) respectively. Forty‐nine per cent (45.2‐52.9) of students had one or more positive skin tests to common aeroallergens. Amongst atopic subjects, 87.3% reacted to house dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus) and 73.3% to cockroach. There was a close association between the degree of atopy and the prevalence of a history of wheeze (P<0.05) but not with hay fever or eczema. After adjusting for age and sex, parental histories of hay fever, eczema and wheeze were strongly associated with the respective symptoms in the subjects (OR = 17.4 (3.2‐93.9) for hay fever, 27.4 (12.7‐59.0) for eczema, 79.4 (21.9‐288.4) for wheeze). It is concluded that respiratory and allergic symptoms were uncommon in Chinese school students despite a high prevalence of atopy, and that parental history is more important in predicting asthma

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMonocyte chemotactic activities in supernatants of ovalbumin (OA)‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures were studied in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) who were sensitive to hen's egg. The monocyte chemotactic activities in hen's egg‐sensitive AD patients were significantly higher than those of non‐atopic healthy controls and patients with immediate allergic symptoms. However, the monocyte chemotactic activities were not detected in bovine serum albumin‐Stimulated PBMC culture supernatants in patients with AD who were sensitive to hen's egg. but not to cow's milk. Furthermore, there was significant correlation between the monocyte chemotactic activities and proliferative responses of PBMCs to OA in hen's egg‐sensitive AD patients, whereas there was no significant correlation between the monocyte chemotactic activities and radioallergosorbent test values. These results suggest that PBMCs stimulated with food antigens produce monocyte chemotactic factors which relate to the pathogenesis of AD in food‐sensitive AD patients and that the pathogdenesis of AD may be related to cell‐mediated imm

ISSN:0954-7894    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1994.tb00247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY