ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effectiveness of mental reinstatement of context as a technique for interviewing child witnesses was examined. Adult, 6‐year‐olds and 11 ‐year‐olds viewed a film and were interviewed in one of three conditions; (1) free recall, (2) mental reinstatement of the context in which the film was viewed or (3) a series of specific questions about the film. In terms of correct information recalled, mental reinstatement of context and specific questions produced more correct responses than did free recall. In terms of errors of commission, specific questions produced more responses than either free recall or mental reinstatement of context. Age‐related increases in both correct and incorrect responses were found supporting some previous findings. The implications of these results in terms of children's eyewitness memory were discussed, and future research directions were

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe study was conducted to explore the effects of anxiety on children's memory for a naturalistic, potentially stressful event. Eighty children of two age groups, 4‐5 and 7‐8 years, visited the dentist for either a teeth‐cleaning check‐up or an operative procedure. Anxiety was assessed by a behavioural rating scale, as well as through Likert‐scale ratings by the hygienist, parent, and child. Memory for the event was elicited through free recall and specific central and peripheral questions. High anxiety had a debilitative effect on the reports of the older children, but not on young children's reports. However, experience with the dental event mediated the influence of age and anxiety on memory. Although all measures of anxiety were significantly associated with each other, only the behavioural rating scale yielded statistically reliable effects of anxiety on memory. The anxiety‐memory relationship is believed to be more complex than previous research with childr

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe class of memories, described within the literature as flashbulb memories, are susceptible to the same type of systematic biases as everyday memories. These systematic biases, which are consistent with schematic or reconstructive memory theories, were observed in subjects' recalls of the Hillsborough football disaster. Subjects (n= 247) recalled their circumstances when they first heard about the event, gave ratings of various characteristics of the event and wrote down other events of which Hillsborough reminded them. Each of these measures exhibited systematic biases. It is argued that the most consistent explanation for the phenomena requires ordinary reconstructive memory processes and not a special mechanism as postulated within the original definition of flashbulb memories.

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study compared college students' understanding of the role of three language learning theories (operant, sociolinguistic, cognitive) in language theory through two instructional methods: video‐based anchored instruction and traditional classroom instruction. Results indi‐cated no significant difference between the performance of students in the two instructional groups on the post‐test while students who received anchored instruction scored significantly higher on two transfer tests than students who received the traditional instruction. Video‐based anchored instruction was found to be a valuable instructional tool which increased students' understanding of theoretical principles; through observations they experienced abstract theoretical principles as the foundation for clinicians' actions and interactions with language‐impaired

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined relations between self‐efficacy and outcome expectancy beliefs and spelling and writing performance. Perceptions about spelling and writing were assessed in 258 collegeage participants. Spelling performance was measured through a 50‐item spelling test and writing performance by a holistically scored writing sample. The most highly correlated variables included spelling outcome expectancy and writing outcome expectancy, spelling selfefficacy and writing self‐efficacy, spelling performance and spelling self‐efficacy, and spelling and writing performance. A causal model relating perceptions, spelling performance, and writing performance was proposed and its appropriateness estimated. Direct effects on spelling were found for spelling self‐efficacy, while spelling self‐efficacy had indirect effects on writing performance and spelling had a direct effect on writing performance. The causal model was discussed in terms of changing conceptions of writing instruction and traditional views of the role of spelling as a necessary component of g

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis is an ecological test of adaptation in head‐injured adults, reporting reliability and validity of the Executive Function Route‐finding Task (EFRT; Boyd and Sautter, 1985). A Likert scale was used to rate executive aspects of route‐finding such as task formulation, strategy of approach, detection and correction of errors, and dependence on cueing among 31 head‐injured young adults within a large rehabilitation facility. The Task has high inter‐rater reliability and acceptable concurrent validity with other neuropsychological c

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070201

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY