摘要:

AbstractCanadian students in grades 5 and 6 studied facts about the 10 Canadian provinces (e. g. Many very good plays are put on in Prince Edward Island). At study, each fact was accompanied by a picture of a stereotypical setting in the province (e. g. a picture of the lush farmland in Prince Edward Island). Half the subjects were instructed to learn by imagining the fact as stated occurring in the depiction (e. g. very good plays being produced in the lush farmland setting); half were told only to try hard to remember that the fact occurred in the particular province. The imagery instruction was effective, but only when children had previously mastered associations between the provinces and the pictures of the provinces. Naturalistically occurring pictures can be used by grade‐school children to create elaborative images that facilitate acquisition of confusing facts, but only if children first know what the illustrations represen

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350040502

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne commonly held stereotype is that females are more concerned with, and attentive to, dates than are males. One possible implication of this idea is that females have a more welldeveloped temporal reference schema than males, which should allow females to reconstruct the dates on which past events have occurred with more accuracy than males. This accuracy hypothesis was assessed by re‐analysing the data from four studies collected in previous work on the accuracy of event dating. Analyses of two of the studies yielded evidence for more accurate female dating; analysis of a third study produced a substantial, but non‐significant, trend in the predicted direction; and analysis of the fourth study yielded a small, but nonsignificant, reversal. A meta‐analysis combining the results of these four studies indicated that the dating accuracy of females was superior to the dating accuracy of males. Additional analyses indicated that these differences were probably not due to differences in self‐disclosure p

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350040503

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe bilingual‐dichotic method organizes native and foreign words in paired‐associate learning for optimum compatibility with study behaviour and asymmetric cerebral hemispheric specialization. Slow‐paced auditory presentations alternate dichotic (simultaneous, native word at left ear and foreign word at right ear) and diotic (foreign word at both ears) input while the student views the word list in parallel to the dichotic format (native word‐foreign word). More college students attained the criterion of perfect cuedrecall and in significantly less study time using the bilingual‐dichotic method to learn English‐Russian word pairs compared with those using the conventional (diotic Russian) or a reversed‐ear dichotic control method. The new method yielded superior overall performance with significantly more accurate recall of the Russian words, and with shorter latencies of response than that obtained with the conventional method. Analysis suggests the bilingual‐dichotic method combines attentional strategies with the right‐ear advantage for dichotic verbal material to enhance rehearsal processes of learning. Practical applications of this new method for learning foreign vocabulary may be found in the early stages of foreign‐language learning in coordination w

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350040504

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe idea that child witnesses are unreliable because of their high suggestibility is a common one. However, it is questionable if suggestibility can be attributed to individuals without considering the situational determinants of the phenomenon. This paper reviews studies of suggestibility in adults and children with particular reference to its determinants. The possibility that interview techniques might be developed which could enhance the reliability of child witnesses is considered.

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350040505

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPolice officers and probationer constables rated 40 sets of circumstances as to how far each would influence them to prosecute or not prosecute a motorist stopped for speeding. The distribution of responses about the ipsative means exhibited an asymmetry, consistent with the maximum salience bias towards a negative proportion of 1/e(Tuohy and Stradling, 1987). This asymmetry occurred in both directions, differentiating between a minority group for whom ‘prosecute’ was the negative pole and a majority for whom ‘not prosecute’ was negative. These groups did not differ significantly on overall mean rating, but did so on the primary underlying factor (‘lack of deference’), where the former group was significantly more likely to prosecute. Significant differences were also found between probationer and experienced officers in their susceptibility to the bias, and in their distribution between the

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350040506

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350040507

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350040501

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY