摘要:

AbstractThe cognitive interview technique (CI) has received considerable attention as one of the most succssful interview techniques applied to real‐life investigations, particularly police investigations. Although the general effects of CI are well documented, there are grounds for critical assessment. In this paper the theoretical principles behind the cognitive components of CI are provided. Variables that have been manipulated will be reviewed, as will conditions under which CI has been studied. The intention is to generalize across the major studies of CI and explore what patterns are present in the data. Issues are introduced that attempt to refine the theoretical underpinnings of CI, and provide direction for researc

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examines conditions that relate to fallacies in memory for conversations. This research tests a cognitive interpretation for why a conversation might be vividly memorable to one eyewitness but not to another. Specifically, a test of gist and verbatim memory for sexual versus non sexual material is presented. In addition, the relative memorability of sexual versus non sexual mateial is tested as a function of the consistency of the context in which it is presented. In two experiments participants heard a recorded conversation between a man and a woman that included four sexual and four non sexual target sentences. The conversation was framed as having been recorded in either a singles bar (the consistent context) or an office setting (the inconsistent context). Sexual items were recalled and recognized better than non sexual items, on both gist and verbatim memory tasks, and the difference in gist (but not verbatim) memory between sexual and non sexual items was greater in the inconsistent than in the consistent context. The discussion considers how this pattern of results might illuminate slippages in memory that may have occured during the Clarence Thomas‐Anita Hill hearing (U. S. Supreme Court appointment review; October 1991) as well as memory slippages more generall

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study compared the ability of novice divers to apply decompression tables having learnt how to use them in either the same or a different environment. Those subjects who had learnt how to use the tables in a different environment (i. e. had learnt on dry land and were tested underwater or vice‐versa) performed on average 64 percent worse than those who had the same environment for both learning and test. This effect could not be ascribed to the disruption brought about by changing environments. The results show that contextual effects on memory extend beyond the recall of word lists (Godden and Baddeley, 1975) to the ability to implement potentially important instruction

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree experiments investigated the influence of connectives on memory for expository text. Subjects in Experiments 1 and 2 read and later recalled passages with either no connectives, temporal connectives (before/ and then), causal connectives (which caused/which enabled), or intentional connectives (in order that/so that). There was connective interference rather than connective facilitation in the studies reported here: the recall for passages without connectives was higher than the recall for passages with connectives. The results partially supported a semantic complexity hypothesis, which predicted that recall should increase with the semantic complexity of the connective (i.e. temporal

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractViewers of a graph will readily interpret its contents, even when given no explicit instructions regarding what information to extract. However, little is known about the strategies that subjects adopt when making such spontaneous interpretations. In the present experiments, subjects studied single‐function line graphs for self‐determined periods. They provided written interpretations immediately following examination of each graph. The structural complexity of stimulus graphs was varied by eliminating symmetry, and by adding data points, departures from linearity, and trend reversals. Across two experiments, number of trend reversals was the main determinant of comprehension difficulty as measured by study times. An increased number of reversals also resulted in more local, detail‐oriented content in interpretations. By contrast, the presence of such emergent features as symmetry and linearity led to increases in the amount of integrative, global content in interpretations, usually at the expense of local detail. Surprisingly, increases in the number of data points led to similar increases in the grain of subjects' interpretations. The last finding may reflect a shift from point‐by‐point to integrative study strategies necessitated by capacity limitations in worki

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070411

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY