ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 1978 a small group of cognitive psychologists and survey methodologists initiated research in a new and exciting interdisciplinary field. This research applies the methods and theories of cognitive science to the study of respondents' answers to autobiographical and attitude surveys. This article describes the events that led up to the initiation of research, describes the history of the field, and overviews the cutting edge of research. Finally, the article offers perspectives on the benefits of collaborative research to both cognitive science and survey research, and the prospects for future research.

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe major differences between face‐to‐face and telephone interviews as well as self‐administered questionnaires are reviewed and are related to the cognitive and communicative processes assumed to underlie the process of question answering. Based on these considerations the impact of administration mode on the emergence of well‐known response effects in survey measurement is discussed, and relevant experimental evidence is reported. It is concluded that administration mode affects the emergence of question order and context effects; the emergence of response order effects; the validity of retrospective reports; and the degree of socially desirable responding. The emergence of question wording and question form effects, on the other hand, appears to be relatively independent of administrati

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper proposes that when optimally answering a survey question would require substantial cognitive effort, some repondents simply provide a satisfactory answer instead. This behaviour, calledsatisficing, can take the form of either (1) incomplete or biased information retrieval and/or information integration, or (2) no information retrieval or integration at all. Satisficing may lead respondents to employ a variety of response strategies, including choosing the first response alternative that seems to constitute a reasonable answer, agreeing with an assertion made by a question, endorsing thestatus quoinstead of endorsing social change, failing to differentiate among a set of diverse objects in ratings, saying ‘don't know’ instead of reporting an opinion, and randomly choosing among the response alternatives offered. This paper specifies a wide range of factors that are likely to encourage satisficing, and reviews relevant evidence evaluating these speculations. Many useful directions for future research are sugges

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEstimates of autobiographical frequencies can be obtained through various types of questions. This paper focuses on interval‐based measures, where frequency is imputed from reports of the length of time between events (e. g. 7 days between events implies 52 events per year). We find that interval‐based measures tend to produce higher estimates than other types of frequency measures, and that differences among measures may be attributable to a variety of cognitive fact

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIncreasingly, verbal report techniques are being used in the development and testing of survey questions. The present investigation examined the cognitive processes involved in responding to health survey questionnaires by conducting laboratory interviews which collected verbal reports. Analysis of these reports identified problems with questions that relate to the compre‐hension, recall, and decision processes the subjects used to answer those questions. This paper describes how questionnaire problems have been detected in the laboratory, and how these have been classified according to a cognitive model. We conclude that the laboratory verbal‐report techniques appear to be useful in detecting a variety of questionnaire flaws that are related to the operation of cognitive proces

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo experiments investigated the accuracy with which subjects report their dietary intake for specified periods. In Experiment 1, subjects recorded their diets for 2 or 4 weeks, and returned 0, 2, 4, or 6 weeks after the end of the recording period for a memory test which required that they attempt to report all items that they had eaten or drunk during the recording period. The reported items were scored against the recorded ones. Overall memory performance deteriorated as retention interval increased. In addition, the intrusion rates of subjects who reported for 2 weeks increased steeply as a function of retention interval length, whereas those of subjects who reported for 4 weeks were roughly constant across retention interval length, whereas those of subjects who reported for 4 weeks were roughly constant across retention intervals. Encouraging subjects to report by food groups elevated intrusion rates, relative to other instructions, without increasing the proportion of targets that was reported. In Experiment 2, subjects recorded their dietary intake for two separate periods, and reported for both periods at the end of the second. The items reported for the second period better matched the record for that period than the record for the first period, but there was no such difference for the items reported for the first period. Taken together, the results of the two experiments suggest that subjects rely on generic memory about their own diets when they attempt to report their intake for extended or remote periods.

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050301

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY