摘要:

AbstractChildren's ability to transfer what they learn in one situation to analogous problems was examined in a series of four studies. Subjects ranged in age from 3 to 10 years. The problems involved novel uses of familiar tools or simple biological themes such as mimicry as a method of defence. The data suggest that the apparent transfer reluctance shown by children in previous studies is the result of what they have been required to learn and the conditions under which they have been required to learn it. In the present studies, children as young as 3 years transferred readily if the problem domain was one they understood and engaged in, and if the traditional laboratory paradigm was modified so as to promote transfer rather than just to test for its spontaneous occurrence.

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350030402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between mental rehearsal and facial identification accuracy was explored in two experiments involving either a staged classroom event or a video scenario. The results suggest that when subjects rehearsed immediately following an event, compared to subjects in non‐rehearsal conditions, identification accuracy was increased when the target face was unchanged in appearance but was reduced when the face was changed slightly in appearance from viewing to test. However, when rehearsal of the event was delayed 10 minutes, identification accuracy was improved even when the face had changed in appearance. Immediate rehearsal, in contrast, led to a reduction in identification performance. In short, in some circumstances the gains in specific memory brought about by mental rehearsal serve to reduce than improve identification accuracy. The relevance of these findings to memory theory and everyday eyewitness testimony is discusse

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350030403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence of the organization of a declarative knowledge base on the development and application of proceduralized knowledge was investigated in a complex troubleshooting domain. Domain explanations were generated in either a depth‐first or breadth‐first manner for different groups of subjects who were also given experience learning to troubleshoot in the domain. Although the two explanatory structures led to similar training performance, the two groups differed significantly in their overall level of performance in subsequent troubleshooting problems. Examination of objective measures of troubleshooting performance and think‐aloud protocols indicated that breadth‐first declarative knowledge representation fosters the use of mental models during problem‐solving in training. It also facilitates proceduralization of that knowledge into fast and accurate methods for localizi

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350030404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThree experiments were carried out to investigate tactual processing of two‐dimensional raised line drawings by blind and blindfolded sighted children. The results showed an unexpected but consistent pattern indicating that the introduction of ‘meaning’ facilitated the performance of the blindfolded sighted children but caused a relative decline in the performance of the congenitally blind. A general lack of evidence distinguishing between recognition of objects that had or had not been directly experienced through touch suggested that the internal spatial representations of objects depended not only on perceptual information but also on knowledge derived from other so

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350030405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350030406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350030407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350030408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350030409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350030410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350030401

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY