摘要:

AbstractEveryday autobiographical memory and mood interactions were explored in a small clinical sample of women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and a matched control group. Subjects kept daily records of memorable events for two consecutive menstrual cycles. Two recognition memory tests were given after a one‐cycle delay. Mood, or affect, was self‐assessed retrospectively over a week, at the end of each day during data collection and at testing, and when events occurred. Women with PMS were more depressed and more negative (angry) than positive (experiencing bursts of energy) in their daily moods than controls. Memory accuracy was poorer overall for PMS than control subjects, although no direct effects of menstrual cycle phase on memory were found. Instead, mood affected memory indirectly through moodrelated self‐schemata which subsequently mediated mood‐congruity effects. Memory accuracy for events experienced in negative mood states and associated with negative affective reactions was higher for PMS subjects when tested in negative mood states than for controls. No group differences were found on events associated with positive affect or positive daily moods when mood state at the time of testing was also positive. Women with PMS processed information selectively from negative events and events experienced in negative moods compared to controls. Negative events and negative moods appeared to interfere with remembering for control subjects. Women in the control group appeared to be biased towards selectively remembering positive events and events experienced on days when their mood states were relatively p

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050602

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSubjects in experimental conditions were exposed to a traumatic autopsy colour slide (labelled either as of New York Police Department (NYPD) or MGM studio origin) embedded in a neutral series of travel scenes, while control subjects saw a neutral target. Subjects in the high‐stress condition showed a significant decrease in memory for neutral slides which followed the NYPD‐labelled traumatic stimulus (p<0.001). Results support evidence in the eyewitness memory field which indicate reduced recall under elevated levels of str

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050603

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe cognitive interview developed by Geiselman and co‐workers is a set of memory retrieval aids to enhance recall in memory tasks such as eyewitness reports. This research is a replication of the study of Geiselman, Fischer, Firstenberg, Hutton, Sullivan, Avetissian and Prosk (1984) with a German version of the cognitive interview. Twenty‐nine subjects participated and saw a short film in an incidental learning situation. Approximately 6 days later the participants were questioned about one scene of the film. Fourteen subjects received the cognitive interview instructions and 15 were questioned without special instructions. First, subjects gave a written free report of the scene and subsequently answered more specific questions concerning details. The results clearly indicate that the cognitive interview enhances memory retrieval in free recall conditions but this effect is reduced to specific questions. The effects are discussed in terms of a possible underlying memory organization and the use of retrieval strateg

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050604

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn two experiments, subjects recorded the frequency of occurrence of 12 classes of events each week for 3 months. During a final test they estimated frequency of occurrence of events either under time restrictions (Experiment 1) or difference priming instructions (Experiment 2). They also made (metamemory) estimates of the accuracy of their estimates. Time restrictions during an initial estimate did not affect the accuracy of frequency or metamemory estimation but a second estimate did increase accuracy. Priming instructions affected accuracy of metamemory estimates as well as the accuracy of estimates for high‐frequency events. Metamemory error increased with event frequenc

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050605

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe help given by loci mnemonics in memorizing isolated items is widely known, whereas there is no doubt as to whether mnemonics are useful for learning meaningful passages. In the present research it is argued that past failures to find a loci effect with text may have been due to the limited range of conditions explored during analysis of the problem. In the present research the modality of presentation of the text was hypothesized to be particularly relevant. In two experiments groups of trained and non‐trained students were asked to memorize two different passages, either using loci mnemonics or not. Loci mnemonics facilitated memory of passages, the increase being greater for oral presentation of text than after private study of a written tex

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050606

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted on edited TV newscast sequences to clarify effects of film accompaniment on learning from heard news text. In Experiment 1,150 British subjects viewed a sequence with either film format throughout or alternating film and ‘talking head’ format between items. Those items that were presented by ‘talking heads’ in the mixed sequence were learned better with film format, in which the heard text was accompanied by appropriate moving pictures. However, no effect of uniform context was found on the remaining items. In Experiment 2, 91 German subjects viewed one of four versions of a bulletin, one with ‘talking head’, one with film throughout, the other two having complementary mixed‐format patterns. Besides confirming a beneficial effect of film presentation over ‘talking head’ which accords with the findings of all studies of learning from material in the form of national network newscasts, the results showed an impairing effect of uniform visual format. This can explain ‘contradictory’ findings, notably with a

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050607

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050608

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050609

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050610

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350050611

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY