摘要:

AbstractThe Practical Aspects of Memory movement began as a forum for applied memory research and as and acid test for basic memory theory. Contrary to initial expectations, the movement has attracted far fewer applied researchers and, instead, has primarily drawn researchers concerned with the ecological validity of basic research. The purpose of this special issue is to demonstrate to practical memory researchers the rewards of giving more consideration to applied memory research in government, industry, education, and consulting. This article explains that the Practical Aspects of Memory movement needs to give more consideration to applied research that does not emanate from basic theory, because such research may identify phenomena that basic research should investigate. It is argued here that an examination of the potential contributions of applied memory research will facilitate communication among basic, ecological, and applied researchers, thereby strengthening the movement's ability to contribute to the solution of societal problems.

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070702

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article reviews the results of survey methodological research that illustrate phenomena of potential interest to investigators of memory, and also reviews psychological research designed to explore some of these phenomena under controlled laboratory conditions. We classify the phenomena reviewed into broad categories of remembering what events occurred, remembering when events occurred, and estimation and reconstruction processes used in reporting recurring events. We delineate the contributions of this research for our understanding of memory phenomena and show where this research has revealed gaps in our existing theories and knowledge. These findings present challenges for future collaboration between cognitive psychologists and survey methodologists.

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070703

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe authors outline an empowerment model of memory rehabilitation. Unlike conventional cognitive rehabilitation methods, clients' plan and control the treatment process from the earliest stages of therapy. The client identifies functional goals and the therapy is geared to achieve those goals. The empowerment model also emphasizes domain‐specific compensatory training. Memory strategies and prosthetic devices are chosen so as to maximize transfer of training in the workplace, training programme, or in the client's activities of daily living. Group therapy involves clients teaching their newly learned skills to other clients. The authors present research findings to document the efficacy of the empowerment model, describe its limitations, and discuss how the model can be implemented effectivel

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070704

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMemory issues arise in the law in many different ways. At the most fundamental level, assumptions about memory are inherent in both substantive laws and procedural rules that govern the operation of the legal system. For example, the rules and procedures used to govern the conduct of jury trials reflect a great deal of faith in jurors' ability to understand and retain information over long periods of time, often with much intervening information. Memory issues also arise in the context of individual cases. For example, the ability of an attorney to satisfactorily prosecute or defend a case on behalf of a client often relies largely upon the completeness and accuracy of the memory of the client and other witnesses. This paper discusses examples of memory issues in the law and describes how applied research on these issues can be used to inform basic memory theory, particularly with respect to the relationship between emotion and memory.

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070705

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA number of intriguing strategies for treating memory disorders have emerged from basic research in recent years. In many cases, these strategies have been tested in animal behavioural models, but the appropriate test of drug efficacy is obviously a clinical trial and such trials require expertise gained through everyday memory research. We provide two examples of recent clinical trials in which assessment techniques and knowledge gained through everyday memory research were employed to test hypotheses developed by preclinical investigators. We conclude that only a close collaboration between scientists in basic and everyday memory research can lead to the development of effective treatments for memory disorders.

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070706

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeveral investigators have expressed concern that the imminent automation of air traffic control may have negative consequences on cognitive functioning, and ultimately on performance. We investigated these possibilities empirically by comparing normal, conventional air traffic control with an experimental condition designed to resemble an extreme version of automation. Overall, measures of performance were comparable between conditions. Most of the cognitive measures (attentional demands, visual search, recall of flights, recall of flight data) were not impaired by the automation analogue. Instead, two prospective measures (prospective memory, planning) showed improved performance. The prospective memory advantage is particularly surprising given that the automation‐analogue group was unable to manipulate external memory aids. Possible reasons for the prospective memory advantage include a reduced workload, which allows the controller to get the necessary information in other ways, and a change in the nature of the task resulting from the “automation” of the strip management m

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070707

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between basic memory research and computer‐based instruction (CBI). The results of basic memory research have helped determine the current directions of computer‐assisted instruction (CAI) research and development. These directions have included examining the utility of such learning systems for facilitating memory outcomes and developing CBI systems based on cognitive instructional principles. Examples of such systems include the emerging generation of hypermedia and artificial tutoring systems. Inconclusive results, however, have been found regarding CBI's effects on memroy phenomena. The CBI literature has thus not established the utility of any memory theory for naturally occurring phenomena. Several plausible reasons for this “null finding” are di

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070708

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExternal memory–records of experiences that are maintained in repositories that are external to their users–provides context for many everyday cognitive acts. Some initial research has shown that such context influences learning, remembering, and judgements of knowing. The scope of both basic and applied memory research should be broadened in ways that address issues about the interaction of external memory and m

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070709

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCommercial cognitive/memory systems are products that enhance human cognition and memory. Using one of our own product developments as a case study, we describe three phases of commercial systems development and evaluation. We review published examples of Phase One research, report two quasi‐experimental investigations that are representative of successful Phase Two research, and provide some measures used to assess the product's success in the early stages of Phase Three. Finally, we discuss the use of theories and findings from basic research in cognitive psychology to develop products of value to individuals and societ

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070710

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe author commends this collection of papers on applied cognitive psychology and the Guest Editor's distinction between basic, ecologically valid and applied research. The relationship of these three varieties of research is discussed in relation to the findings reported by the various contributors to this Special Issue ofApplied Cognitive Psychology.

ISSN:0888-4080    

DOI:10.1002/acp.2350070711

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY