摘要:

Influential members of the urban planning profession have developed certain ideas about new town design, including notions such as self‐containment, social balance, and the neighborhood unit. These parallel, to some extent, concepts that have emerged from the field of community sociology. Efforts to put these ideas into practice have fallen far short of the mark. Without more sophisticated implementation mechanisms, better theories of social interaction at the neighborhood level, and new approaches to citizen participation, efforts to build new towns are likely to remain severely crippled. The aim of this paper is to summarize past efforts to translate implicit theories of social organization into actual new town designs. The possibilities of closing the gap between theory and practice through the use of more explicit forms of social experimentation are discussed in the context of the fledgling new towns program in the United State

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1973.tb00011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since much of what is said below is based on the writer's personal observations of bureaucracies in the United States, a few comments on that experience are necessary. For the last eight years he has studied or worked in several Washington agencies. The first six years were devoted to studies of the Executive Office of the President, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the Office of Economic Opportunity, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. For the next two years (1971–73) he worked for the Administrator of the Social and Rehabilitation Service (SRS) which is located in DHEW. SRS had the third largest agency budget in the federal government ($15 billion) and contained at that time programs for the aged, youth, handicapped, and for the provision of medical and subsistence payments to dependent children and their families. This sojourn into the bureaucracy provided an unusual opportunity to compare some sociological concepts and theories about bureaucracies with the realities of bureaucratic lif

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1973.tb00012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY