ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1988.tb01059.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The justifications scientists use when starting new journals often rely on “indigenous theories” which represent their particular cognitive communities. In an analysis of new journal editorials, this paper examines these indigenous theories, together with the images of scientific community they contain, and compares them with the images of science which exist in the sociological literature. As evidenced in the editorials, scientists share with sociologists a concern for the question of whether the manner in which science grows is prescriptive for, or creates obligations for, the community of researchers or instead, the community of researchers constitutes, or produces by conscious efforts, what comes to be accepted as authoritative in the particular scientific community. Douglas’grid/group model is used as an interpretive tool to map the two dimensions of concern in this question and suggests some differences between discipline groups and some changes over

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1988.tb01060.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Split labor market theory was originally advanced as a general approach explaining ethnic antagonism as the result of class‐based interests. In this investigation, the threat to “high‐priced” (white) labor from “cheap” (black) labor within the farm tenancy system of the postbellum South is examined as an underlying cause of the lynching of blacks by whites. Supporting this interpretation, the ratio of black to white tenants in southern counties, a measure of the level of economic threat to high‐priced labor, is shown to be a strong predictor of lynching rates in the Cotton South. Findings for the Non‐Cotton South, however, are inconsistent with theoretical expectations. We conclude that racial violence linked to economic competition between working‐class whites and blacks was limited to that part of the South dominated by the

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1988.tb01061.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper explores a focal ritual in the community of horseracing known as the paddock. Using data gathered through participant observation, the author interprets the paddock ritual within the context of the racing community and its status hierarchy. The ritual integrates members of the racing community in relation to their social prestige and thus contributes to the social order. The paddock accomplishes this integrative function by according marginal members of the racing community temporary public recognition and acknowledgement of their contributions, both of which mitigate the alienation these individuals routinely experience.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1988.tb01062.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines the strategies developed by female correctional officers to circumvent interactional and organizational barriers to advancement in the traditionally‐male work organization of the men's prison. Data for the analysis are drawn from interviews with female officers and other staff in a state department of corrections located in the western United States. In a dramaturgical‐like fashion, female officers seeking to advance must moderate–strike a balance–between a series of countervailing negative sex role stereotypes. However, regardless of their success in presenting a “balanced” image at work, female officers experienced stress from their responsibility of accommodating to this predominantly male work

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1988.tb01063.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The rise in the number of immigrants since 1960 and in the higher shares from less developed countries has raised concerns that immigrants use welfare benefits more than natives. Using both descriptive tabulations, OLS regression and Tobit regression methods, we analyze immigrant‐native differentials in public assistance receipt based on 1980 U.S. Census data. The results of the OLS models show that immigrants received neither more nor less welfare income in 1979 than did otherwise comparable natives. Tobit models reveal that black and Hispanic immigrant families received lower welfare payments than their native counterpart

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1988.tb01064.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using two sets of U. S. Census data and information from the U. S. Employment Service, this study analyzes the effects of mechanization on skill requirements of blue collar jobs, assessing changes in the distribution of employment in these jobs by race and gender. The results are discussed in the context of high and low levels of mechanization change. Although there was a tendency for mechanization to lower the skill requirements of production work, changes among labor force subgroups are found to differ substantially. Black males increased in high skill jobs regardless of whether these jobs were in industries undergoing high or low rates of mechanization. Females and white males tended to increase more sharply in low skill work, especially in the industries which had high rates of mechanization.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1988.tb01065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1988.tb01066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY