摘要:

Most analyses of the effects of college rank on labor market outcomes focus on its average impact across sub‐populations and employment situations. The framework adopted in this paper, however, suggests that the effects of college rank may vary by individual characteristics and type of job. Using data from the 1973 Occupational Changes in a Generation Survey, we test three hypotheses suggesting that occupational advantage, as measured either by family of origin or current position, is a significant determinant of capacity to convert increments in college prestige into labor market success. The findings suggest that where one went to college is especially consequential for (1) the occupational status of individuals from professional families; (2) the earnings of individuals from both professional and managerial families; and (3) the earnings of individuals in both professional and managerial positions. Overall, these findings tend to confirm the study's underlying hypothesis that aggregate analyses of college rank may be misleading when applied across sub‐populations and employment situati

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb00243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There is increasing understanding of the widespread extent of men's physical sexual coercion of women in this society. In this study, we document the amount of that coercion among a sample of college students. We try to explain that coercion in terms of certainvalucs(traditional sex‐role conceptions that amount to an ideology of gender inequality). We also try to explain that coercion in terms ofattitudestowards physical sexual coercion. For purposes of this study, we measured both females’experience as victims of sexual aggression and males’experience as perpetrators of sexual aggression. We also measured both males’and females’values regarding gender inequality and attitudes regarding sexual aggression. We found that female college students in our sample had experienced a considerable amount of sexual aggression. We also found that male and female students’values regarding gender inequality and their attitudes regarding physical sexual coercion differed widely. Finally, we found strong relationships between male students’values and attitudes and their participation in sexu

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb00244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Talmon's concept of “totalitarian democracy” is generalized, to make it applicable to the variety of counter‐cultural movements of the 1960s and 1970s. In particular, we expanded Talmon's concept of political liberty into a more general desire for “liberation,” offered in different forms by these movements. Accordingly, the movements are classified by two variables: the direction of liberation (inner or outer) to which they aspired, and the degree of their attempt to monopolize the means of its realization (monopolistic or pluralistic). Four types of movements are identified and examined for their potential for totalitarian democracy: (1) Movements of Self‐Fulfillment, (2) Cults of Self‐Realization, (3) Radical Protest Movements, (4) Revolutionary Movements. Marked differences in totalitarian potential were found, the lowest in movements of self‐fulfullment and the highest in cults of s

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb00245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Based on interviews and participant observation, this paper presents a narrative account of the reactions of people in a small, Arkansas community to the religious claims of prophecy and divine mission made by an individual who temporarily comes to reside in the community. Public interpretation and evaluation of the prophecy is conducted informally through the rumor construction process. Naturalistic interpretations of fraud or delusion are mostly suspended as supernatural interpretations by community members become ascendent. People are eventually forced to rationalize their reactions when events fail to materialize in the manner originally prophesied. The unfolding of events is viewed from a sociology of knowledge perspective and treated as a case study of the social construction of reality.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb00246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Contemporary social theorists have been remarkably consistent in advocating an analytically defined ideal‐type of the modern intellectual. This ideal‐type presents the intellectual as a politically autonomous critic pursuing knowledge for its own sake. I argue that this concept rests on the presupposition of specific empirical and historical conditions concerning the social organization of intellectuals. To the degree that these presuppositions are “falsifiable” by a historically grounded framework of intellectual “action,” one may challenge the “epistemological” claims of modern intellectuals with a “class conscious” soc

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb00247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using the example of “woman athletes,” or more specifically, women basketball players, this is a case study in the management of contradictory essential and relational identities. Two types of data are used. Survey data demonstrates member understanding of the social identity of “female athlete”; observational data illustrates the management of incongruent identities on three stages: the womanathleteon the basketball court, the athleticwomanattending a formal dinner, and the metamorphosis of identities in the locker room. The results indicate that even though the identity of female athlete is, by definition, deviant, it offers a positive alternative to the deviant identity of woman. However, this study demonstrates that in order for an actor to achieve this identity of female athlete she must be willing and able to consistently manage the dilemmas and contradictions inherent in the role itself. That is, this study demonstrates how female athletes must simultaneously uphold loyalty to both the essential identity of female as well as to the relational identity of

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb00248.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:A Collection of Near‐Death Research Readings: Scientijic Inquiries Into the Experiences of Persons Near Physical Death. Craig R. Lundahl (ed.), Chicago: Nelson‐Hall Publishers, 1982. 240

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb00249.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY