ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1982.tb01241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Most interpretations of anornie emphasize the normative aspect. However, Durkheim viewed anomie as involving more than a lack of norms or a conflict of norms. Discussions inThe Division of Labor in SocietyandSuicideshow that according to Durkheim the primary threats to social solidarity in modern societies are weak or ineffective structural constraints on individualistic needs and desires. In modern industrialized societies the primary mode of social control is not a set of rules or norms, although they do have a cohesive function, but the development of solidary, interdependent social relationships among diverse individuals. Crucial in the development of solidary social relationships is the rate and nature of social change. For modern or modernizing societies the most important form of social change is industrialization. If industrialization is too rapid then the likelihood of social inequality, economic crises, and family disruption is greater. New and solidary forms of social relationships are not allowed to develop properly. This results in weak constraints on individualistic needs and desires that have been “excited” by the industrializat

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1982.tb01242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The State of Israel is witnessing a significant growth in the scope and variety of pfostitution. This change began more than thirty years ago but became a recognized social problem only in the late sixties. Adopting the idea that prostitution is an unavoidable aspect of any comprehensive society, this article summarizes the trends in Israeli prostitution. The viewpoint is supported historically and empirically that Israel, like other comprehensive societies, had to pay some social cost for political and economic independence. This cost is, in part, the existence of certain deviances such as prostitution.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1982.tb01243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Drawing on the work of Jacobs, Newman, and Gardiner, among others, this paper investigates fear of crime by urban residents as a consequence of two interrelated characteristics of neighborhoods: 1) the perceived volume of street usage and 2) the degree of residents' social integration into the neighborhood. Secondary analysis of a 1975 survey shows that, counter to previous hypotheses, perception of increased street traffic leads to greater fear. However, when controlling for social integration, we find that for those who are socially integrated perceived volume of street traffic has no relationship to fear, while for those not socially integrated the greater the perceived street usage the greater the fear. Three mechanisms by which social integration may reduce fear of people on the streets are considered: 1) reducing the proportion of strangers versus acquaintances on the street; 2) providing networks of potential assistance; and 3) reducing the strangeness of the streets' daily rhythms and routines. We conclude that both physical design and social factors must be interrelated in attempts to understand fear of crime and in designing ameliorative programs.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1982.tb01244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Edna Bonacich's split‐labor‐market theory is used to explore the dynamics of agriculture in the southwest. This theory helps to explain the following developments: (1) importation of foreign contract workers; (2) passage of farm labor legislation; (3) development and implementation of mechanized equipment; (4) expansion of the “runaway shop”; and (5) a decrease in the number of independent farmers concurrent with an increase in large‐scale corporate farms. One additional factor having a major impact on the industry is (6) the farm worker movement, the United Farm Workers (UFW) and the Arizona Farm Workers (AFW) being two of the most familiar

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1982.tb01245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This report deals with the marginality of upwardly mobile black women and the sociological consequences of their marginal status in contributing to their social isolation and their mate selection chances. I examined two ideal types of women achievers, Type A and Type B, and the way in which they respond to their alienation.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1982.tb01246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sociological explanations of career or intragenerational occupational status mobility generally have not taken into explicit account the effects of labor market structure. Rooted in structural‐functionalist sociological theory or neoclassical economic theories of the labor market, models typically misrepresent the process of individual occupational status mobility, primarily by including only individual characteristics. Dual labor market theory is introduced, direct as well as indirect effects of labor market structure on career occupational status mobility are outlined, and a theoretical model is presented. It is hypothesized that labor market structure will havedirecteffects on opportunities for career occupational status mobility that are independent of the effects of individual characteristics. Additionalindirecteffects are suggested: through their effects on social network structures, labor markets operate as job opportunity information filter

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1982.tb01247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY