ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1979.tb01216.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1979.tb01217.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1979.tb01218.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1979.tb01219.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Comte's philosophy of science is re‐examined from the point of view of the rationalist problematic of the unity of knowledge. It is argued that Comte's attempt to answer this metaphysical problem is the single most important factor determining the final form of his system of positive philosophy, his hierarchy of the sciences, his conception of sociology, and ultimately his positive religion of Humanity. After rejecting the main solutions offered by modern rationalism, Comte provides a subjective unity for the sciences by establishing Humanity as the principle of organization for all knowledge. The article describes the various components of the positive synthesis, their background in the history of ideas, and the contemporary relevance of the problem of unity for logical empiricism and Husserl.Some have said that need for unity expresses the identity of the self; others, that it stands for economy of thought. Possibly, but this is interpretation, psychologically or sociologically tinged. The need for unity is a historical fact and, as such, unresolved. It is also a symbol of science, and its myth. Science is a finely defined and articulated system of symbols; but the ultimate symbol, that of unity, can have no referent. Rather one might say it stands for the totality of the knowable and the unknowable. A confusing situation for the scientific mind, but one it cannot escape. For the conflict at the heart of rationalism is the source of its strength, as long as it lasts.Once the faith is lost, something else has to be found.Under the relentless pressure of social change, with the growing operationalism of physical theory and the metaphysical devastations attendant on Darwinism, the myth of unity could no longer hold. It had to be replaced by unification. But with that the status of science is changed and also that of the scientist. The mirror of nature that reason had endeavored to build up through the ages is shattered, and we look for the first time straight out into an unknown worl

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1979.tb01220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper explores propositions concerning the work attitudes and political views of educated young workers who are not able to find jobs commensurate with their education and skills. Underemployment theorists have proposed that growing numbers of college graduates are over‐educated for the jobs available to them and may develop (1) “underemployment‐consciousness” and (2) a new political radicalism growing out of their work‐deprivation. In a sample of predominantly college‐educated young unemployed workers, I report evidence of pervasive feelings of “over‐education” but relatively low “underemployment‐consciousness.” A significant relationship is reported between underemployment‐consciousness and radical political views among college graduates but not among non‐graduates, providing preliminary support for the proposition that political dissent is most likely to emerge among the highly educated underemployed. The persistent strength of the American Dream, including assumptions of individual mobility, success and luck, is discussed to interpret the relative optimism of approximately two thirds of these workers about finding interesting wo

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1979.tb01221.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1979.tb01222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1979.tb01223.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1979.tb01224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Weber's concept of causality established a middle ground between the extremes of the causality debate in his day by developing a concept that was unique in two respects: it was tailored to the needs of the distinctive subject matter of the social sciences, meaningful human action, and it utilized the legal model of causal analysis. Interpreted in this light, Weber's concept meets several of the criticisms of the use of causal analysis in the social sciences recently advanced by Peters and Winch.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1979.tb01225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY