ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1988.tb01050.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rupert B. Vance, a distinguished sociologist, was a true Renaissance man whose writings spanned a variety of disciplines and touched on many issues of public as well as professional interest. As is typical of such scholars, his writings are published in a broad range of books, journals, newspapers, and other outlets. Reed and Singal (1982) brought together a selection of his writings on the South as a region, but his works in other areas have not been synthesized. The effort here is to assess his contributions to the field of population. Although no great ideas in population analysis are associated with his name, a review of his publications shows that he often was ahead of his time in dealing with issues and his influence on the field can be profoundly felt.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1988.tb01051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The question of agency is central to several important debates in contemporary sociology. Unfortunately, discussions of agency can become embroiled with issues related to free will and dterminism. George Herbert Mead developed an approach to agency that avoids unsolvable metaphysical problems about free will and determinism. This paper presents Mead's work relevant to agency, revealing both Mead's method and the details of his theory. First, it shows how Mead followed the basic methods of behavioristic psychology, which require that abstract philosophical and psychological concepts are defined in terms of the actual behaviors involved. A strict focus on behavior helps in avoiding metaphysical impasses when dealing with such complex issues as decision making and choice. Second, the paper presents an overview of Mead's specific theories about awareness, meaning, decision making, choice, creativity, and social responsibility, showing how he analyzed these concepts in terms of the central nervous system, language, inner conversation, taking the role of others, reflective intelligence, the “I” and the “me”, and related c

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1988.tb01052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Scholars have approached Durkheim's thought primarily from the starting point that he was a positivist. Although Schopenhauer's philosophy is not generally invoked in Durkheim's work, it appears that Schopenhauer's philosophy supplanted Comte's positivism at the turn of the century and that Durkheim was enamored with Schopenhauer's philosophy. In this essay Schopenhauer's influence upon Durkheim is traced, and the implications of this influence are discussed in terms of their effect upon sociology. By applying this starting point to Durkheim's thought and the Parsonian‐Mertonian goals‐means schema, it is demonstrated that Durkheim, like Schopenhauer, assumed theoppositeof the Enlightenment belief that human reason could dominate passion. Implications for interpreting Durkheim's work are also discus

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1988.tb01053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper outlines the origins of the functionalist perspective as it was used by American social scientists to explain social inequality during the first four decades of the twentieth century. The author then argues against the assumption that the basis for development of the perspective is found in the work of Parsons and his students who applied Parsons’general framework to studies of social inequality in complex industrial society. Instead, it is suggested that the research of social anthropologists, such as Robert and Helen Lynd and W. Lioyd Warner, was equally important to the development of the functionalist perspective. The author further argues that early twentieth‐century British social anthropology, with its strong ties to Durkheimian functionalism, greatly influenced the direction of studies on social inequality. The paper concludes with a discussion of the intellectual ancestries between these theoretical pioneers and Parsonians and offers an explanation why Parsons’work dominated sociology during a critical period of the discipline's develo

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1988.tb01054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Fieldwork evidence and interview data are used to demonstrate that indigent criminal defendants believe legal representation provided by public defenders is inferior to privately retained counsel. While acknowledging this pejorative image, public defenders tend to trivialize client perceptions. Techniques of neutralization are used to describe the accommodation patterns utilized by public defenders to cope with this negative image. Findings are discussed in relation to these neutralization techniques.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1988.tb01055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article argues that many studies of social impacts of energy development deal with prior predictions of impact rather than actual impacts of development. Further it suggests that more attention be paid to the intervening variables of policy and planning. To illustrate the need for post‐impact studies, the “Shetland Experience” is described. Shetland, where the anticipation of onshore oil development has produced policy specifically designed to avoid negative social impacts, is often referred to as a success in dealing with rapid change. However, due to lack of empirical research, it is not yet known if the policy was effe

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1988.tb01056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship of sex‐based wage inequality to level in the hierarchy is investigated for 2,631 employees of a large financial services organization. As hypothesized, men earned more than women overall, and the wage gap between men and women was greater at higher levels in the hierarchy than at lower levels in the hierarchy. The effects of performance ratings on salary also differed by level. At higher levels, the impact of each increase in performance rating was greater for men than women, whereas at lower levels the impact was similar between men and wome

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1988.tb01057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1988.tb01058.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY