摘要:

Sociologists have paid much attention to the phenomenon of ideology. In particular, there have been numerous efforts to develop theories of ideology formation from a Marxist perspective. However, one finds that such efforts almost without exception deal with shared beliefs which are characteristic of western, industrial societies. Ideologies of so‐called primitive societies, such as Native American tribes, remain largely neglected by Marxist analysis. This can be explained in large measure by the fact that Marxist analysis, with its emphasis on relations of production, is ill‐equipped to deal with Native American beliefs. Relations of production are an appropriate focal point for explaining the ideology of the European, industrial tradition. They are not useful in accounting for Native American ideology, which must be viewed as landbased rather than production‐based. Awareness of this difference leads to an appreciation of the influence of land and nature upon Native American th

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb01043.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Do wars between nations encourage violence on the home front by legitimating violence? A time series regression analysis of U. S. homicide trends from 1947 to 1978 shows that neither war years nor postwar years show significantly higher homicide levels than other years, other things being equal. In the U. S., those postwar years which showed higher violence rates, after the Vietnam War, had higher violence levels only because of higher proportions of the population in the high‐violence ages, lower criminal justice system effectiveness in crime control, and other differences which characterized those years. Survey research findings support the conclusion that violent actions of government agents like soldiers and police officers, on the one hand, and violent actions by private citizens, on the other hand, lie in distinct and separate cognitive categories for most Americans. Consequently there is little reason to expect that governmental violence serves to legitimate, or exerts a modelling influence on, violent behavior of private individuals in the U. S.Official killing by the state makes killing respectable. It not merely dulls the sensibilities of people to cruelty and inhumanity but actually stimulates cruelt

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb01044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As individuals begin to engage in sexual activities, they must contend with the interaction of their current behaviors with any prior learning related to sexual guilt. While guilt feelings associated with participation in masturbation, petting, and sexual intercourse have decreased in recent years, especially among females, few studies have considered the role of guilt in sexual satisfaction among adolescent/young adults. In order to examine the relationship of guilt to psychological and physiological sexual satisfaction, a survey research design was employed utilizing the responses of coitally active male and female never‐married students from a state university. Findings indicate that feelings of guilt about various sexual activities do affect sexual satisfaction with differential influences for males and female

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb01045.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Community impact analysis has been limited in applied effectiveness and sociological contribution because of its primary reliance on an ecological system paradigm and the conservative ideology imbedded therein. It is argued that the quality of community impact analysis and similar social change work would be improved by increased concern with matters of theory. Specifically, improvements can come from: (1) use and further development of alternate sociological perspectives appropriate to the impacting topic, especially those perspectives that deal with community and adaptive processes; and (2) empirical determination of the extent to which various theoretical perspectives fit conditions of specific community cases. The concerns of critical and interactionist theory are discussed as alternatives to the dominant structural‐functional perspective, and a case is made for blending perspectives consistent with themes of “general systems” theory. This blending incorporates structural concerns, but offers more complete guidance by emphasizing relevant process considerations. Aspects of the “dramaturgical” analogy, applied more broadly than usual, illustrate abstract points in the complementarity of the several

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb01046.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors examine the rise of the two‐year college and changes in enrollment patterns between two‐year and four‐year colleges by sex in the United States and Japan since 1960. Notably, the chances of a woman who attended college of entering a four‐year college were less in 1980, in both the U. S. and Japan, than they were in 1960. Channeling large numbers of women into two‐year colleges perpetuates occupational sex segregation. Further, it alleviates pressure for competition for professional jobs. The desire to reduce the number of individuals competing for professional jobs was a factor in the build‐up of the two‐year college. Problems associated with overeducation are evident in both the U. S. and Japan. The authors argue that the function of the community college is to prepare students to enter the kinds of jobs that are available in highly industriali

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb01047.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study makes a number of comparisons between the theories of Durkheim (1933) and Burawoy (1979) on the link between work and a just social order. These comparisons are used to speculate on the question, Can democratization of the labor process transform capitalist society? Several points of agreement and disagreement are discussed to advance our understanding of the societal effects of changes being introduced at the point of production. It is argued that both the organizational perspective of Durkheim and the political economy perspective of Burawoy agree that the workeras moral actoris the key to how work life will articulate with life in society. The question then becomes whether workers may be differentially involved as moral actors on the job and in society at large.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb01048.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Making It Count: The Improvement of Social Research and Theory.Stanley Lieberson.Sociological Theory in Transition.Edited by Mark L. Wardell and Stephen P. Turner.Loving with a Vengeance.Tania Modleski.

ISSN:0038-0245    

DOI:10.1111/j.1475-682X.1987.tb01049.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY