摘要:

AbstractJohn Bowlby's research on attachment led him to propose the construct of internal work ing models. Subsequent research on these models allowed American researchers to describe the processes involved in the intergenerational transmission of attachment. In France, the focus has been on parents' infantile conflicts with the grandparents of their infants. This emphasis led to the designation of “the trans generational mandate,” a systemic concept. This mandate is given to an “imaginary infant” (born with the desire of a pregnancy) and to the fantasmatic infant (born from the desire of parenthood): This fantasmatic child thus becomes the infant of the maternal grandfather. The infant responds to these maternal and paternal representations by a process of parentification. In parent‐infant interactions at the actual and fantasmatic levels, origins of scripts that will enrich future narratives are apparent. The tree of life extends its roots into the family past, but also allows the transmission of cultural affiliation. This process is complicated in cases of parental pathology or in nuclear bigenerational Western

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199324)14:4<260::AID-IMHJ2280140402>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper calls attention to the plight of children exposed to various traumas associated with wars and other natural disasters around the world. Little systematic attention has been paid to the mental health needs of child survivors of armed conflict. Our observations and experiences around the world would suggest that there are significant differences in the degree to which children have been prepared in anticipation of exposure to violence and in interventions applied after their exposure. It is the authors' impression that prevention and intervention can be quite powerful when employed in these situations.

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199324)14:4<273::AID-IMHJ2280140403>3.0.CO;2-M

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe study of postpartum depressions is particularly important when one studies pathogenic influences on child development, because they occur–with a rather high incidence–at the onset of the attachment process. Although the mediating factors responsible for child effects of depression were classically seen as following a deficit model, we suggest that active processes of meaning attribution and of attendant interactive patterns play an important role both in the etiology of depression and in the mediating effects on the child. We use epidemiological data, the clinical description of a typical case of postpartum depression, and some results of a larger study of outcomes in mother‐infant psychotherapy to validate our main hypothesis: Many postpartum depressions are best understood as a relational disturbance. The many psychological tasks imposed by the baby induce a disorder affecting parenting and mother‐baby exchanges, while not necessarily invading all sectors of the parents' psychological functioning. The main clinical and research evidence for this hypothesis is that maternal depression is often lifted –surprisingly rapidly–when psychotherapy is aimed at the mother‐infant

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199324)14:4<283::AID-IMHJ2280140404>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTaking on the study of triadic interactions necessitates a dual perspective—one focusing on the triad as a whole and the other on the organization of its parts. Our method associates the framework of systems theory with the ethological‐microanalytical approach. We use it both as a clinical tool and to analyze thoroughly visible interactions in single cases, leading to the comparison of problematic and nonproblematic families in order to explore and generate hypotheses. To introduce our methodology, we first present the Lausanne triadic play exercise, which we designed for the observation of the triad as a whole while systematically varying the individual contributions. We then describe our method for analyz ing the triadic interactions on the upper body, lower body, and gaze levels. We illustrate it through the analysis of two contrasting families with 17‐week‐old babies which, on clinical grounds, represent key aspects of interaction found in our pop

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199324)14:4<298::AID-IMHJ2280140405>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInfant‐mother boundaries were operationalized in terms of body‐to‐body contact and use of interpersonal space. The unit of observation was the infant‐mother dyad. Infants between the ages of 12 and 24 months and their mothers were observed in three situations: self‐ and mother‐recognition tasks, and the free‐play and second reunion episodes of the Strange Situation. Infant‐mother touch and the pattern of proximity‐distality were principally determined by context of interaction; and, in the more stressful and more structured situations, the connection‐separation balance favored connection, whereas in the free‐play situation the balance favored separation. Infant‐mother touch and use of interpersonal space were not found to be isomorphic to attachment; in addition, attachment interacted with age and gender of the infant to describe level of connection‐separation. Results are discussed in the context of working models of the relationship an

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199324)14:4<317::AID-IMHJ2280140406>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this prospective descriptive study, the developmental outcomes of 9 untreated infants with moderate to severe regulatory disorders were examined at 8 to 11 months and again at 4 years of age and compared with 13 normal infants. Regulatory disordered infants were defined as being behaviorally difficult, exhibiting disturbances in sleep, feeding, state control, self‐calming, and mood regulation and evidencing poor sensory processing. Eight of the nine regulatory disordered children had developmental, sensorimotor, and/or emotional and behavioral deficits at 4 years. Group differences were found in atten tion and activity level, emotional maturity, motor coordination, and tactile sensitivity at 4 years. For normal infants, ratings of difficultness on the Bates Infant Characteristics Questionnaire and higher baseline cardiac vagal tone were related to better developmental outcomes and behavioral organization respectively at 4 years. In contrast, ratings of difficultness and higher baseline cardiac vagal tone in regulatory disordered infants were associated with poorer developmental outcomes and behavioral difficulties at 4 years. At the time the study was conducted, the clinical significance of regulatory problems was not known, therefore treatment was not considered. The results of this study suggest that untreated regulatory disordered infants may not outgrow behavioral difficulties over tim

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199324)14:4<330::AID-IMHJ2280140407>3.0.CO;2-K

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199324)14:4<344::AID-IMHJ2280140408>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199324)14:4<::AID-IMHJ2280140401>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY