摘要:

AbstractToddlers and children, aged 6 to 38 months, with their mothers, were observed in free‐play that included a hand and standing mirror. The mother‐toddler interaction was assessed according to a proposed profile that described 34 categories of maternal behaviors, such as empathy, attunement, acceptance of the child as a separate individual, and capacity to provide a referencing framework. Fourteen maternal modes or styles, such as consistency, genuineness, intrusiveness, and pleasure in maternal role, also were coded. The global ratings of maternal behaviors were related to the behaviors in front of the mirrors as outlined by Amsterdam (1972). Initial observations suggest that deviant mirror behaviors parallel deficits in the mother‐toddler interaction. In contrast, mirror behavior is appropriate or beyond the chronological age if the mother‐toddler interaction is satisfactory. Because mirror behavior reflects a sense of self and covaries with the quality of the mother‐toddler interaction, the behavior in front of the mirror may be used as a clinical diagno

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(198724)8:4<329::AID-IMHJ2280080402>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to validate the hypothesis that successful psychodynamic intervention in the case of disturbed mother‐infant relationships may be possible. Based on 120 referred cases, three types of intervention emerged:Intervention Group A: These mothers feel numbed when their babies are in an acute state of distress and show active signs of refusing to live.Intervention Group B: These mothers feel concern about an on‐going difficulty with their baby and are prepared to explore the problem with the therapist.Intervention Group C:These mothers feel angry when their children show signs of distress and react in a persecuted way toward the baby. Due to the difficulty in helping mothers in this situation, a different approach was explored. Clinical case studies are presented to illustrate each of these types of intervent

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(198724)8:4<340::AID-IMHJ2280080403>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo groups of mother‐infant pairs, with infants aged 1 to 5 months, were recruited by child health nurses. One group (n= 10) of infants had rational difficulties, whereas the other group (n= 22) did not. The research team was blind to group membership. The mothers were interviewed about background variables, their cognitive‐emotional orientation during pregnancy and early motherhood, their self‐confidence as mothers, their satisfaction with support from their husbands, and living conditions. Mother‐infant interaction was observed in à diaper change and à face‐to‐face situation.Comparisons between the two groups showed no differences with regard to background variables, while significant differences were obtained with regard to interview and observation data. The problem group reported less satisfaction with and focus on maternal role, less self‐confidence as mothers, and less satisfaction with husband support and living conditions than the no‐problem group. With regard to observation data, the no‐problem group mothers and infants both showed higher levels of what was à priori regarded as desirable interactional behavior.Correlations between interview and observation data, calculated within the no‐problem group, showed the same kind of connection between mothers' cognitive emotional orientation and interactional behavior as was indicated by

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(198724)8:4<352::AID-IMHJ2280080404>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFrom a longitudinal study of women and their first‐born children, four types of daycare experience were identified. For three of the groups, the woman returned to full‐time employment, and a relative, baby‐sitter, or nursery provided daycare. In the fourth group, the women did not return to employment. Data on the children's socio‐emotional behavior at 18 months were collected from interview, questionnaire items, and direct observation during a home visit. Results indicated several associations among type of day care, difficulty of temperament, and child socio‐emotional de

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(198724)8:4<364::AID-IMHJ2280080405>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBrief Therapeutic Intervention (BTI) emphasizes interpretations of the dynamics and conflicts that underlie parent‐child relationships and sharing of such interpretations with parents. BTI is most effective in resolving familial conflicts that involve functional or behavioral disorders. It is less effective for severe personality disorders. Clinical material illustrates instances in which BTI led to successful resolution of problems that involved familial interactions, in which it was of limited effectiveness, and in which it was contraindicated. In part, the success of BTI is related to various aspects of parental psychic life, in particular, parental bereavement, projection, and counter‐project

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(198724)8:4<374::AID-IMHJ2280080406>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes the 3½ ‐year treatment of an autistic toddler, who by age 5 showed normal social relationships and only minor residual cognitive features of the disorder. The treatment approach integrated infant‐parent psychotherapy with techniques of special education and involved a two‐person team that worked simultaneously in the family's home. The early work focused on discovering ways to mediate environmental stimulation so as to enhance the child's availability for social interaction. The treatment helped the parents understand this and explored and interpreted misconceptions about their son that interfered with parental feelings and functions. Multiple issues in the parent‐child relationship and in the child's social and cognitive development eventually were addressed. This case illustrates one scenario in the development of relationships when an infant lacks the biological fittedness for social interaction. It demonstrates the possibility of ameliorating the autistic condition through a modification of infant‐parent psychotherapy. The successful outcome of the case seems to be the result of several factors: The child's age at the beginning of treatment, his areas of cognitive strength, and his parents' exceptional ability to use and extend t

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(198724)8:4<382::AID-IMHJ2280080407>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractYoung mothers in Japan today are faced with a conflict between the traditional image of motherhood and a sometimes lonely life without physical and emotional support from their husbands, family, and community. As a consequence of this, more and more children are becoming emotionally disturbed as a result of poor mother‐child interactions that arise as early as infancy. With several cases of poor interaction, hospital treatment was undertaken to establish emotional mutuality between mother and child through therapeutically induced regression into infancy. Each mother‐child pair was hospitalized in the baby unit of the pediatric ward, and the mother provided consistent emotional availability to her child. The child then regressed into infantile states that involved the following four phases: (1) The child began to interact with her mother more actively; (2) she became demanding, like a toddler in the rapproachment crisis; (3) the mother's sustained acceptance won the trust of her child, who began to show a strong attachment to her; (4) the child began to progress to a stage appropriate to her age and used the mother as a secure home base. Each child lost previous symptoms and acquired a stable character. This approach, which utilized the Japanese affinity for intimacy and regression, proved effective in the management of psychopathologies rooted in infa

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(198724)8:4<398::AID-IMHJ2280080408>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents data from a small‐scale longitudinal study that examines the importance of life‐stress events in early and late childhood for later attainment and behavioral disturbance. The study sample consists of 59 children, all of whom when first contacted lived in families with low incomes, of low social status, and little education. Therefore, all of the children can be considered disadvantaged, and the influence of life stress events can be assessed uncontaminated by differences in socio‐economic status.At age 9 years, 21 of these children were assessed as disturbed, whereas 38 were not. The results presented suggest that life stress events in early childhood: (1) are of little importance in explaining variations in the behavior of either group of children; and (2) help to explain variations in the attainment of the disturbed, but not the other children. However, life‐stress events in late childhood are (1) of considerable importance in explaining variations in the behavior of both the disturbed and other children; but (2) of little importance in explaining variations in the attainments of either group of children. The findings are discussed with reference to child, parent, and other factors that may act to protect vulnerable children against life event

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(198724)8:4<409::AID-IMHJ2280080409>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIssues in designing a home visitor intervention and research program for 130 adolescent mothers, 17 and under, and their infants from birth to 30 months are discussed. The overall project is described, and various aspects of creating and maintaining a home visitor intervention program are discussed, including: (1) Issues and problems that arise with the integration of a home visitor intervention component into an ongoing health department program; (2) the recruitment and training of lay home visitors in the context of arduous, often disheartening work; (3) issues of supervision and quality control faced by the mental health consultants; (4) coping with potential stresses and dangers faced by the home visitors; (5) assisting and maintaining maximum communication for the research components of the study to be successful.

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(198724)8:4<418::AID-IMHJ2280080410>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(198724)8:4<::AID-IMHJ2280080401>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY