ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199524)16:4<256::AID-IMHJ2280160402>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study compared the severity of posttraumatic symptomatology and the differential expression of the PTSD symptom clusters with six child and trauma‐related variables. The independent variables were gender, age at time of trauma, acute versus repeated traumas, injured versus not injured, witnessed versus experienced, and threat to caregiver versus no threat to caregiver. The dependent variables were presence of the diagnosis of PTSD, the overall symptom severity score, and four PTSD diagnostic cluster scores. Forty‐one traumatized subjects under 48 months of age were studied. The diagnosis of PTSD was present more often when traumas involved threats to the caregivers. When traumas involved threats to the caregivers, the subjects expressed fewer numbing symptoms, more hyperarousal symptoms, and more new fears and aggression. Implications for clinical practice and research are discussed, including the need for increased awareness that very young children can be affected severely when involved in situations that threaten their caregiv

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199524)16:4<259::AID-IMHJ2280160403>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChildhood trauma has profound impact on the emotional, behavioral, cognitive, social, and physical functioning of children. Developmental experiences determine the organizational and functional status of the mature brain. The impact ofrruumuficexperiences on the development and function of the brain are discussed in context of basic principles of neurodevelopment. There are various adaptive mental and physical responses to trauma, including physiological hyperarousal and dissociation. Because the developing brain organizes and internalizes new information in a use‐dependent fashion, the more a child is in a state of hyperarousal or dissociation, the more likely they are to have neuropsychiatric symptoms following trauma. The acute adaptive states, when they persist, can become maladaptive traits. The clinical implications of this new neurodevelopmental conceptualization of childhood trauma are discusse

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199524)16:4<271::AID-IMHJ2280160404>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper, general guidelines and specific techniques that the authors have found helpful in the treatment of posttraumatic stress reactions during the infancy and toddler period are described. In treatment planning it is important to recognize that traumatic events affect infants and their families in a number of ways. Moreover, the rapid developmental changes occurring in the first 3 years strongly influence how a trauma is experienced. Taking these factors into account, the authors identify a number of important therapeutic principles, derived from work with older children and adults, that can be applied to the treatment of infants and toddlers. Specific therapeutic techniques are described in relation to the child's age and developmental level. Suggestions for working with parents are provided, as well as a brief discussion of the role of medication. The paper concludes with a summary of a clinical session with a traumatized toddler, illustrating the psychotherapeutic approaches that have been discussed.

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199524)16:4<292::AID-IMHJ2280160405>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMultiply traumatized young children from multiply stressed families commonly present to mental health clinics with hyperactivity and disruptive behavior. These children are often misunderstood and misdiagnosed with Attention‐deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The case presented is of a child with symptoms typical of ADHD, including: hyperactivity, inattention or distractability, impulsivity, temper tantrums, irritability, aggression, and defiance. This abused and neglected 3–year‐old's symptoms improved dramatically in the safety of her grandmother's care, facilitated with multimodal treatment guided by new developmentally informed diagnostic criteria for Traumatic Stress Disorder (TSD) or Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Intervention on social, biological, and psychological levels provides safety in reexperiencing the trauma both in the therapy and at home. Family‐centered intervention reframes the child's disturbing behavior as a response to fear and anxiety associated with the child's traumatic experience and reminders of that experience. Intervention supports the caregivers' establishing “new ways of being with” the traumatized child. This process allows the child to feel safe in reexperiencing the trauma and helps reconstruct the family narrative to anticipate hyperarousal, regression, and a gradually increasing capacity t

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199524)16:4<306::AID-IMHJ2280160406>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe assessment and treatment of a toddler, subsequent to a dog bite to her face, are presented. The material is then discussed by the four authors. The apparent differences of opinion concerning definition and diagnosis, the importance of various events in this girl's clinical condition, and the appropriate focus of treatment reflect the complexity of such cases, the current state of knowledge concerning the impact of trauma on very young children, and the need for more clinical research in this important area.

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199524)16:4<318::AID-IMHJ2280160407>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199524)16:4<::AID-IMHJ2280160401>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY