摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated the sleep/wake states, respiration, and affective behaviors of premature infants who were provided à “breathing” bear in the isolette from 33 to 35 weeks conceptional age (CA). The Breathing Bear is à source of rhythmic stimulation that is optional for the infants. Its “breathing” reflects the breathing rate of the individual infant. At 33 weeks CA, 27 premature infants were provided à Breathing Bear (BrBr) and 26 were given à Non‐Breathing Bear (N‐BrBr). At 35 weeks, interfeed observations for an average of 1.7 hours were made of the babies' states and state‐specific behaviors, along with respiration recordings. By 35 weeks, the BrBr babies showed less wakefulness, more quiet sleep, fewer startles in quiet sleep, and less crying than the N‐BrBr babies. In addition, they were more likely to smile and N‐BrBr babies were more likely to grimace in active sleep. These findings replicate and extend previous reports of effects of the Breathing Bear on neurobehavioral organization. They also suggest that less negative affect is expressed by the BrBr babies; and they point to the importance of future study of preterm infants' affective expressions, both i

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199523)16:3<160::AID-IMHJ2280160302>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports a Dutch replication of North American research on the “prematurity stereotype” among mothers. In a rating task, infants labeled as “premature” were given less favorable scores on a number of dimensions. A questionnaire study also showed negative expectations concerning premature infants. Associations with the mothers' number of children and level of education were found. Methodological problems of this type of research are discussed. To a large extent, the effects found can be ascribed to the “demand characteristics” of the experiment and the normal effects of expectations on perception. It is argued that researchers should not automatically label such behavior as “stereotyping”: There must also be evidence of a failure to adapt expectations in the face of conflicting evidence. Recommendations are made concerning future research in this area, and the importance of providing clear and complete information for the public on the effects of prematur

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199523)16:3<169::AID-IMHJ2280160303>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study examined whether the emotional content of talk to the self and to the fetus were related to health behaviors and psychosocial factors during pregnancy. One hundred fifty‐two third‐trimester pregnant women attending childbirth preparation classes completed a survey containing the Intrapersonal Communication Questionnaire, which sampled spontaneous talk to the self (self‐talk) and to the fetus (baby‐talk), and which yielded ratings of emotional valence of talk quotations into positive, negative, neutral, and mixed categories; the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale; and indices for life stress, social support, and consumption behaviors. Baby‐talk was more positive whereas self‐talk was more negative, or emotionally distressed. More mixed baby‐talk occurred with more medicine consumption, and medicine consumption was also related to lower self‐esteem and more life stress. More negative baby‐talk occurred when cigarette and caffeine consumption was higher. Emotional content of maternal talk to the fetus might indicate development of maternal bonding, and specific emotional contents might be related to health‐relevant coping behaviors, for example, consumption of cigarettes and caffeine. Clinical implications for maternal behaviors afte

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199523)16:3<179::AID-IMHJ2280160304>3.0.CO;2-Y

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis investigation asked à diverse sample of women to identify retrospectively what they considered to be the central psychological events of their pregnancy. There was substantial agreement on eight of these. These events subsequently were scaled by a larger sample of women in terms of the emotional impact of each, using ratio scales based on each subject's individual frame of reference. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences in the remembered impact of the various events. For example, mothers who had amniocentesis or ultrasound rated getting the results of these prenatal tests second only to the moment of childbirth itself. At least six of the eight events as a group are tentatively offered as predictable crises in the biopsychosocial process that takes place from conception onward. As such, focusing on these events in the course of a pregnancy may have substantial educative and prophylactic value

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199523)16:3<192::AID-IMHJ2280160305>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPsychological factors in families with a colicky baby were studied. A total of 59 families who had enrolled on the basis of information received at the postpartum wards in the city of Turku, Finland, were included in this study. In addition, 58 families with age‐matched infants were selected as a control group. These families kept a diary of the infant's crying. Thirty‐six infants fulfilled the criteria for severe colic. Twenty‐three families with a baby who cried excessively but did not fulfill the criteria were defined as the moderate colic group. A semistructured family interview was carried out to assess the structure, communcation patterns, functioning, and affective tone of the families. Mothers and fathers were younger in the moderate colic group compared with parents in the other groups. In the moderate colic families, the infant was more often the first child than in the control families. On the other hand, neither the infant's gender nor the education of the parents was related to infant's crying. Organized family structure and strong parental coalition were more often present in the severe colic and control groups than in the moderate colic group. Increased family chaos was noted in this group. The severe and moderate colic families had more enmeshed individual boundaries. Generational boundaries were enmeshed in the moderate colic families. Communication patterns did not differ between the groups. The families with a severely or moderately crying baby were less flexible, had decreased ability to cope with daily activities, and showed less energy and vitality than the control families. Both the severe and moderate colic families expressed more anxiety and conflict compared to the control families. In conclusion, an association between infantile colic and psychological characteristics of the family was found. Moreover, the families with a moderately colicky infant had specific psychological features that differed from both the control families and those with severely colicky in

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199523)16:3<206::AID-IMHJ2280160306>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199523)16:3<218::AID-IMHJ2280160307>3.0.CO;2-V

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relation between attachment and knowledge of self and mother was assessed in 1‐to 2‐year‐old infants. Infant behavior in the Strange Situation was classified according to three attachment categories: secure, insecure‐avoidant, and insecure‐resistant. Infants' featural knowledge was measured by featural recognition, name, possession, and gender. Infants who were securely or resistantly attached had significantly more complex knowledge of mother than self, whereas avoidantly attached infants did not differ in the complexity of knowledge of self and mother. Securely attached infants hadmorecomplex self‐knowledge than both categories of insecurely attached infants. In contrast, avoidantly attached infants hadlesscomplex knowledge of mother than did securely or resistantly attached infants. These data are discussed in the context of how infants' strategies of coping with stress are related to the acquisition of self‐ and mot

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199523)16:3<221::AID-IMHJ2280160308>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEighty‐three newborns (MGA = 37 weeks) were assigned to depressed (N= 47) and nondepressed mother (N =36) groups based on Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) scores. The Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale was administered to the infants within 24 hours after birth. Infants of depressed mothers demonstrated poorer performance on the orientation cluster. Further analysis of the orientation cluster items revealed inferior orientation to the inanimate stimuli. Infants of depressed mothers also showed less motor tone and activity and more irritability and less robustness and endurance (unavailability, lethargy, and stress behaviors) during the examinatio

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199523)16:3<233::AID-IMHJ2280160309>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199523)16:3<240::AID-IMHJ2280160310>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0163-9641    

DOI:10.1002/1097-0355(199523)16:3<243::AID-IMHJ2280160311>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY