ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00833.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper explores the influence ofpartner selectionand thedesign of contracts and agreementson the chances for a collaborative R&D venture to ‘succeed’. It is based on questionnaire data regarding 49 such ventures undertaken by companies based in four Nordic countries. The age distribution of the sample is taken into account through use of statistical event history analysis, testing hypotheses regarding the determinants of the hazard rate. The results show that prior contacts with prospective partners improve the chances that a cooperation will succeed. Such contacts help prevent difficulties due to differences in corporate culture, inadequate technical capabilities, incongruous strategic intentions, etc. The analysis also suggests that contracts and agreements should avoid detailed specifications of the procedures to be followed during implementation. Such stipulations create problems by reducing the flexibility required in inherently uncertain R&D collaborations. Granting relative resource self‐sufficiency and managerial autonomy to the venture organisation improves its chances of su

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00834.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFundamental advances in the life sciences are exerting a profound influence on the structure of the pharmaceutical industry and the strategies of drug companies. The ‘biological’ revolution makes it possible to apply a scientific method to drug research. This paper argues that pharmaceutical companies can take advantage of the new method only if they encourage ‘openness’ of their research. We also offer a framework to explain why innovations in this industry increasingly result from networks of agents with complementary skills and resources. Greater use of scientific knowledge implies that important information for innovation can be expressed in relatively general and universal forms. This eases information exchange, and encourages specialisation and division of labour in drug R&D and marketing. Finally, the possibility of a division of labour in innovation opens new opportunities for medium‐sized national pharmaceutical firms in Europe. Provided that they found their strategies on high‐quality research in specialised niches, they can set up alliances with partners that possess complementary knowledge, and supply resources for clinical development and internationa

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00835.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAspects of communications between people working in R&D laboratories and their customers in the operating divisions of a company have been analysed, based on a series of in‐depth interviews with people working in British Telecommunications plc (BT) Laboratories. Formal and informal communication channels interact to some extent, and their use is affected substantially by the type of customer for a particular project. Senior managers use informal networks to a greater extent than managers at lower levels, and are more likely to communicate about process rather than project matter

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00836.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractG. Hofstede's research on ‘Culture's Consequences’ (1980) greatly shaped the discussion of cross‐cultural differences in management theory and practice during the 1980′s. And yet, his 4‐D Model's applicability to the management of R&D laboratories and their professionals worldwide remained in doubt due to the fact that his four dimensions of Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism, and Masculinity were derived from responses of mid‐level IBM employees with lower levels of formal education than those of typical R&D professionals. This paper reports on results of the first comprehensive follow‐up study that (1) show Hofstede's four dimensions to be equally valid for highly educated respondents from 17 Western European countries, Turkey, and the USA, (2) describe significant similarities between the respondents’ work goals and those of R&D professionals, and (3) suggest implications of cross‐cultural differences along the dimensions for the theory and practice of managing R&D pro

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00837.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIncreasingly, companies are using the licensing approach to acquire external technologyasan alternative to internal new product development. However, the licensing literature presents lists of benefits and costs without identifying either their relative importance or the underlying dimensions. This article presents the results of a survey of Australian licensee firms designed to fill this gap in the literature. The results show that the major reason for licensing relates more to the immediate need to gain competitive advantage than the relative low cost advantage of technology licensing or having access to future technology. The major impediments to licensing are the entry and exit costs and the loss of decision‐making autonomy resulting from licensor‐imposed restrictions. Further, only two factors, perceived search costs and low cost market entry advantage of licensing appear to vary among the industries studied. Future research and managerial implications of the results are discus

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00838.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPrevious research in new product development has examined the role of organisational structure and marketing and technical skills and activities in encouraging successful innovation. This study examines the role played by organisational structure in supporting the marketing and technical/production activities in new product development, and direct and indirect effects of all of these antecedents on new product success. The goal of the study is to observe which factors lead to product success and to determine how they interconnect. Implications for new product management are provided in the concluding section.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00839.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00840.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb00841.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY