ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00916.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLKAB is one of the world's leading sup‐pliers of advanced iron ore products. Its most important markets are the blast furnace based steelworks of Europe. As a result of customers’ demands for ever‐better products, LKAB has begun to apply Quality Function Deployment (QFD) to its product development pro‐grammes. QFD, originally developed in Japan, is a technique which utilises a series of matrices to translate customers’ requirements into technical specifications that the producer can use. So far the methodology has mainly been used in the manufacturing industry, with very few applications in process industry.When launching its QFD project, LKAB began by making strenuous efforts to acquire credible and relevant customer data. Experience after one year's work has been encouraging; the QFD technique has proved to be an effective instrument for feeding customers’ requirements into the product development process. In addition, it serves as a guide to setting priorities for research projects. The technique promises to become an established tool in the cornpany's Total Quality Managemen

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00917.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper examines the role of additionality in the impact of EC R&D pro‐grammes on firms. It comes from a study of the Impact of the EC Framework Pro‐gramme on European Industry, which was sponsored by the Support Programme for Evaluation Activities in Research (SPEAR) of the EC. The argument is that there is an interaction between ie use of additional R&D resources, the organization of the R&D process, and the exploitation of R&D results. The analysis of the R&D process takes place within a framework based on the concept of the knowledge‐base of the firm. A number of case studies are discussed and conclusions are drawn as to the impact of the EC Framework Pro‐gramme on Europea

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00918.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00919.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn adequate supply of qualified research and development (R&D) personnel is an important precondition for a government policy that aims for a strongly knowledge‐intensive economic growth. As in many other OECD countries, there is great concern in The Netherlands about meeting this crucial condition in the next decades. This article tries to show to what extent this current concern is justified. For that purpose, forecasts of future supply and demand for research manpower in the science and engineering fields (including agriculture and health) have been produced, extending to the year 2010. Sensitivity analyses show that the fore‐casts are not very sensitive to alternative assumptions on economic growth, investments, replacement demand and labour supply.From a methodological point of view the forecasting approach differs from the more traditional manpower forecasting. Firstly, the demand for R&D personnel is split up into an increase in total employment for R&D manpower (expansion demand) on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the need for replacements for researchers who retire, die or switch to other occupations (replacement demand). Expansion and replacement demand are considered in three sectors of R&D work: universities, research institutes and private enterprises. Expansion demand and replacement demand together determine thejob openingsfor newcomers. These job openings are confronted with the supply of new R&D manpower, which is largely determined by the output of the educational system. The confrontation of demand and supply forecasts shows that, in general, severe shortages of R&D manpower will result if there are not adequate manpower policy adjustment. The article closes with a discussion of the policy implications of the expected disequilibria in the market for R&D manpo

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00920.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResponding to the challenges of the marketplace compels firms to employ new production methods to improve product quality and delivery reliability, to reduce costs, and above all, to achieve greater flexibility. This paper outlines the system design of a group decision support system, developed to guide management through the process of new technology evaluation and adoption. The advantages of the proposed architecture include the opportunity to integrate a variety of independently developed components, the localisation of components (which leads to simplified maintenance) and the flexibility in the future for expanding and modifying the system.

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00921.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper examines the factors that influence scientists in their choice and persistence in an area of research, and compares the experience of scientists who enter a field early with those scientists who follow in their footsteps once the field becomes widely accepted. Evidence is presented from an international survey of more than seven‐hundred scientists working in the field of neural networks. After controlling for cohort and experience effects, the results suggest that early entrants as a group are indeed different in both their motivations to enter and their persistence to remain in the field. In general, compared with scientists who enter late, early entrants are significantly less influenced by the social dynamics of the research communit

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00922.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00923.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

New Technology‐Based Firms in the 1990'sIn Search of Management: Culture, Chaos and Control in Managerial Wo

ISSN:0033-6807    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9310.1995.tb00924.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY